俄罗斯帝国灭亡的因素及其史学评价

N. O. Voskresenskaya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在一个国家的生命中,当它从根本上改变其文明轨迹时,不能不引起研究人员的注意。对俄罗斯帝国来说,第一次世界大战变成了如此关键的革命动荡的地区:帝国不复存在。是什么情况导致了事态的转变?国家当局错误的经济政策是君主制灭亡的主要原因吗?专著《论浩劫的门槛》从可能导致帝国灭亡的因素出发,探讨了一战期间俄罗斯国家对国民经济的调控问题。《1914-1917年俄国的国家与经济》,伊莉娜·v·波基娜博士著。在历史上。分析的逻辑使这位学者得出结论,即临时政府的经济政策对国家具有破坏性。俄罗斯社会中相互不信任和猜疑的气氛也发挥了重要作用。这篇文章延续了这一主题,并展示了俄罗斯人的一些心理和行为特征对该国走向灾难的道路起了很大的作用。有些人在反对党操纵公众意识的技术的影响下参与了非法活动。布尔什维克的活动,从现代俄罗斯立法的角度来看,属于“极端主义”的定义,享有最大的成功。本文认为,有必要纠正学术和教育文献中对历史事件的评价。
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Factors of the Fall of the Russian Empire and their Evaluation in Historical Science
Periods in the life of a country, when it radically changes its civilizational trajectory, cannot but attract the attention of researchers. For the Russian Empire, the First World War turned out to be the zone of such crucial revolutionary turbulence: the empire ceased to exist. What circumstances led to this turn of events? Was the wrong economic policy of the state authorities the main reason for the fall of the monarchy? The issues of state regulation of national economy of Russia during the First World War in the context of possible factors that caused the death of the empire are discussed in the monograph “On the Threshold of the Catastrophe. State and Economy of Russia in 1914–1917” by Irina V. Potkina, Dr. Sci. in History. The logic of the analysis led the scholar to the conclusion that the economic policy of the Provisional Government proved to be destructive for the country. The atmosphere of mutual distrust and suspicion in the Russian society also played an important role. This article continues this theme and shows that some mental and behavioral characteristics of Russian people contributed greatly to the country’s path to the disaster. Some people were involved in illegal activities under the influence of technologies for manipulating public consciousness practiced by opposition political parties. The Bolsheviks, whose activities, from the standpoint of modern Russian legislation, falls under the definition of “extremism”, enjoyed the greatest success. The author of the article concludes that it is necessary to correct the evaluation of historical events in the academic and educational literature.
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