德国学生暴动及其后果

V. Baryshnikov, V. N. Borisenko, O. Y. Plenkov
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摘要

本文论述了1968年德国学生抗议活动的特点及其政治和社会后果。在那一年发生在西方的众多抗议活动中,它们对德国社会的影响尤为深远。这些后果与纳粹的沉重遗产有关,他们在第二次世界大战期间犯下了严重的反人类罪行。正是出于这个原因,本文特别强调克服纳粹的过去,这在德意志联邦共和国青年抗议活动的出现和传播中发挥了极其重要的作用。把德国的抗议活动放在所有西方国家反对资产阶级社会的旧价值观及其道德的普遍同质和同步的抗议运动的背景下,会带来困难——青年抗议的象征之一是约翰·列侬的单曲《昨天》,这并非偶然。过去(“昨天”)确实突然出现在聚光灯下,并受到无情的批评。但社会政治文化及其心态的变化是非常显著的。左派-自由主义话语在西德公众意识中走向胜利的转变是如此彻底和彻底,以至于有可能像德国讽刺作家开玩笑说的那样,这种情况与德意志民主共和国控制公众舆论的方式相似。因此,我们可以正确地断言,1968年的德国革命可能是德国左翼自由主义政治话语取得胜利的最重要原因。
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The Student Riots in Germany and their Aftermath
This article deals with the peculiarities of the student protests of 1968 in Germany and their political and social consequences. Among the many protests in the West that year, they had particularly far-reaching consequences for German society. These consequences were related to the heavy legacy of the Nazis, who committed grave crimes against humanity during World War II. It is for this reason that the article places a special emphasis on overcoming the Nazi past, which played an extremely important role in the emergence and spread of youth protests in the FRG. Placing the German protests in the context of a generally rather homogeneous and synchronous protest movement in all Western countries against the old values of bourgeois society and its morals poses difficulty – it is no accident that one of the symbols of youth protest was John Lennon's single “Yesterday”. The past (“yesterday”) indeed came suddenly into the spotlight and was subjected to unrelenting criticism. But the changes in the political culture of society and its mentality were very significant. The mutation toward the triumph of leftist-liberal discourse in the West German public consciousness was so complete and total that it is possible to state, as German satirists joke, that the situation was similar to the way public opinion was controlled in the GDR. As a result, it can be rightly asserted that 1968 in the FRG was perhaps the most important reason for the triumph of left-liberal political discourse in Germany.
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