The Microneedle Drug Delivery System and Some Recent Obstacles in its Implementation

Transdermal Drug Delivery (TDD) is a non-painful way of systemically delivering medications by applying a drug formulation to intact, healthy skin. The drug particles’ limitations, including the molecular weight and hydrophilicity, preclude TDD from being exploited extensively. Microneedle arrays (MNA) are an efficient way for medication delivery via the skin. Microneedles enhance medication administration. Microneedles are either long, hollow, or coated. They are designed to target the skin as quickly and safely as possible, without the use of chemical, nanoparticle, or hypodermic injections and without requiring micro-pen or physical strategies. Solid microneedles include micropores, whereas hollow microneedles provide a more profound passage into the dermis. Investigations have been conducted on the use of dissolving microneedles for the delivery of vaccines, while coated microneedles have been utilized to efficiently deliver vaccines. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of MNA science, with a focus on methodologies, issues, implementations, and the types of materials lately dispersed by such devices. In addition, some information regarding the components and manufacturing methods is provided. Metals, silicone, ceramics, synthetic materials, and biodegradable polymers, such as carbohydrates, can be utilized to manufacture microneedles.