Investigating Factors that May Impact the Success of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale Reservoirs

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection has recently been applied as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method to increase oil recovery from unconventional shale reservoirs. Many interactions will impact the success or failure of this EOR method. This research experimentally investigates the impact of two of these interactions, including asphaltene pore plugging and CO2 adsorption, on the success of CO2 EOR in unconventional shale reservoirs. Two sets of experiments were designed to study the asphaltene pore plugging and CO2 adsorption. The impact of varying CO2 injection pressure, temperature, oil viscosity, and filter membrane pore size on asphaltene pore plugging was investigated. Pertaining to the adsorption experiments, the impact of varying CO2 injection pressure, temperature, and shale particle size was investigated. Asphaltene pore plugging was found to be extremely severe especially in the smaller pore sizes, which indicates that asphaltene poses a serious problem when producing from unconventional nanopores. As the oil viscosity decreased, the asphaltene concentration in the oil decreased as well which made the asphaltene pore plugging less severe in the lower viscosity oils. The thermodynamic conditions, including pressure and temperature, also had a strong impact on asphaltene stability and pore plugging. When undergoing the CO2 adsorption experiments, it was found that increasing the CO2 injection pressure resulted in an increase in adsorption capacity to a certain limit beyond which no further adsorption will be possible. Increasing the temperature resulted in the CO2 molecules becoming highly active which in turn resulted in a decrease in the adsorption capacity significantly. Since experiments were conducted using shale particles, as opposed to an actual shale core, it was important to investigate the accuracy of the results by varying the shale particle size. It was found that as long as the void space volume was measured accurately using helium, the shale particle size had a negligible effect on the adsorption values. This research systematically investigates the impact of two significant interactions on the success of CO2 injection in unconventional shale reservoirs, and studies the impact of several factors within these interactions to determine the extent to which they may influence the success of this EOR method.