最佳播期和晚播期短季玉米杂交种株高和穗高性状的变化

M. Olkhovyk
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Hybridization was used for developing hybrid material; laboratory and field method – to determine morphobiological traits of maize hybrids; measuring weight - to determine metric traits of plants; mathematical and statistical method – to determine the reliability of results, indicators of trait variability, and the correlation of traits. Results. The study of early ripening maize hybrids developed by crossing the most common germplasms under two sowing dates revealed that hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix had stably high values of the plant height trait at both sowing dates; hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix and Mix×Flint had stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. Conclusions. We have identified the hybrid combinations DK4173SVZM×DK367, DK4172×DK367, MS381MV×DK367, MS555×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK4173SVZM×DK2073 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the plant height trait, as well as the hybrid combinations DK4172×DK4538 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), DK4172×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK2659×DK4538 (heterotic model Mix×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. The correlation between plant height and the ear insertion height of maize hybrids was confirmed for both sowing dates in all heterotic models studied. 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Hybridization was used for developing hybrid material; laboratory and field method – to determine morphobiological traits of maize hybrids; measuring weight - to determine metric traits of plants; mathematical and statistical method – to determine the reliability of results, indicators of trait variability, and the correlation of traits. Results. The study of early ripening maize hybrids developed by crossing the most common germplasms under two sowing dates revealed that hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix had stably high values of the plant height trait at both sowing dates; hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix and Mix×Flint had stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. Conclusions. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

时事性。随着农业集约化和土地资源合理利用的趋势,考虑到残茬和刈割后饲料玉米作物在饲料生产中的重要性以及玉米对草原带条件的适应性,研究晚播条件下玉米的生长过程具有重要意义。即研究晚播期对早熟杂交种株高、首穗插高等性状的影响,这些性状在玉米籽粒生产中所占的比例越来越大。目的。通过研究两个播期下早熟玉米杂交种株高和穗高的变异,建立最稳定的杂交组合。方法。采用杂交技术制备杂化材料;实验室和田间方法。测定玉米杂交种形态生物学性状测量重量——测定植物的公制性状;数学和统计方法-确定结果的可靠性,性状变异性指标和性状的相关性。结果。通过两个播期杂交获得的早熟玉米杂种研究表明,杂种优势模式Iodent×Flint和Iodent×Mix在两个播期均具有稳定的高株高性状;杂种优势模式Iodent×Flint、Iodent×Mix和Mix×Flint在两个播期的首穗插高均稳定较高。结论。我们已经确定了混合组合DK4173SVZM×DK367, DK4172×DK367, MS381MV×DK367, MS555×DK367(其模型Iodent×混合),和DK4173SVZM×DK2073(其模型Iodent×Flint),由稳定特征的株高性状值高,以及杂交组合DK4172×DK4538(其模型Iodent×Flint), DK4172×DK367(其模型Iodent×混合),和DK2659×DK4538(其模型组合×Flint),其特点是两个播期第一穗插高稳定较高。在所有的杂种优势模型中,均证实了两个播期玉米杂种株高与穗高的相关性。关键词:普通玉米,育种,早熟,株高,穗高,播期,系,单交杂交种
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Variation of plant height and ear insertion height traits in short-season maize hybrids under the optimal and late sowing dates
Topicality. In light of the intensification of agriculture towards more rational utilisation of land resources and the growing season, given the importance of stubble and postcut fodder maize crops in fodder production and maize adaptability to the conditions of the Steppe zone, it is important to study the growth processes of maize under late sowing. Namely, the study of the influence of late sowing date on such traits as plant height and insertion height of the first productive ear for early ripening hybrids, the share of which in maize grain production is increasing. Purpose. To establish the most stable hybrid combinations by studying the variability of plant height and ear insertion height in early ripening maize hybrids under two sowing dates. Methods. Hybridization was used for developing hybrid material; laboratory and field method – to determine morphobiological traits of maize hybrids; measuring weight - to determine metric traits of plants; mathematical and statistical method – to determine the reliability of results, indicators of trait variability, and the correlation of traits. Results. The study of early ripening maize hybrids developed by crossing the most common germplasms under two sowing dates revealed that hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix had stably high values of the plant height trait at both sowing dates; hybrids of heterotic models Iodent×Flint and Iodent×Mix and Mix×Flint had stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. Conclusions. We have identified the hybrid combinations DK4173SVZM×DK367, DK4172×DK367, MS381MV×DK367, MS555×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK4173SVZM×DK2073 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the plant height trait, as well as the hybrid combinations DK4172×DK4538 (heterotic model Iodent×Flint), DK4172×DK367 (heterotic model Iodent×Mix), and DK2659×DK4538 (heterotic model Mix×Flint), which were characterised by stably high values of the insertion height of first productive ear at both sowing dates. The correlation between plant height and the ear insertion height of maize hybrids was confirmed for both sowing dates in all heterotic models studied. Key words: common maize, breeding, prematurity, plant height, ear insertion height, sowing dates, line, single-cross hybrids
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