乌克兰森林草原冬季小黑麦育种品系(×Triticosecale Wittmack)的适应潜力

A. Pirych, M. Fedorenko, I. Fedorenko, Y. Kuzmenko, R. Blyzniuk
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摘要

时事性。现代冬季小黑麦品种对籽粒产量和品质的要求,以及对不利环境因素的抗性,即高适应性。因此,开发具有最高产量潜力和对限制因素的遗传抗性的品种仍然很重要。目的。确定适应性强的冬季小黑麦育种品系,用于育种实践。材料与方法。这些研究是在乌克兰国家农业科学院的v.m. Remeslo Myronivka小麦研究所进行的。作为一种标准,阿穆尔河品种被使用。我们检查了20个育种品系。计算小区面积为10 m2,重复试验4次。在实验中,采用了实验室现场和数理统计的方法。结果。在2019/20-2021/22年期间,通过对比气象条件,可以根据适应潜力评估和选择冬季小黑麦育种品系。结果发现,在2020/21年度,产量最高(5.36 t/ha), 2019/20年度最低(3.81 t/ha),实际上表征了基因型对环境生长条件的响应。结果表明,与黑龙江品种标准相比,22002 (= 4.97 t/ha)、22008 (= 4.88 t/ha)、22016 (= 4.79 t/ha)的综合适应性最好,属于最高产量指标最高的群体(1 ~ 3级)。变异系数不显著(7.24 ~ 7.66%),变异水平中等(12.54 ~ 16.65%),说明在植物生产力形成过程中具有较高且稳定的基因型成分。通过生态可塑性计算,可以识别出在有限生长条件下产量显著降低的品系22015、22004 (bi = 0.63)。这是由于这些品系对不利的环境因素具有很高的抵抗力。在产量方面,22004、22015和22008系表现出最高的稳态和育种价值。结论。在研究过程中,我们确定了22004、22015、22008和22002这4个具有较高适应潜力的选育品系,可作为在乌克兰森林草原培育高产品种的参考材料。关键词:冬季小黑麦,育种品系,适应性,产量,气象条件
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Adaptive potential of winter triticale breeding lines (×Triticosecale Wittmack) in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Topicality. The requirements for modern winter triticale varieties include high grain yield and quality, as well as resistance to adverse environmental factors, i.e. high adaptability. Therefore, it remains important to develop varieties that combine the highest yield potential with genetic resistance to limiting factors. Purpose. To identify winter triticale breeding lines with high adaptability for use in breeding practice. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine. As a standard, the Amur variety was used. We have examined 20 breeding lines. Accounting plot area was 10 m2, trial was repeated four times. In experiment, laboratory-field and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results. In 2019/20-2021/22, contrasting meteorological conditions made it possible to evaluate and select breeding lines of winter triticale by adaptive potential. It was found that the yield, which actually characterises the genotype response to environmental growing conditions, was the highest (5.36 t/ha) in 2020/21 and the lowest (3.81 t/ha) in 2019/20. It was established that the breeding lines 22002 ( = 4.97 t/ha), 22008 ( = 4.88 t/ha), 22016 ( = 4.79 t /ha) had the best general adaptability in comparison with the Amur variety-standard, and they were included in the group with the highest indicators of maximum yield (ranks of 1–3). The coefficient of variation was characterized by an insignificant (7.24–7.66 %) and medium level of variability (12.54–16.65 %), which confirms a fairly high and stable genotypic component in the formation of plant productivity. Calculations of ecological plasticity made it possible to identify the lines 22015, 22004 (bi = 0.63), which significantly reduced the yield under limited growing con-ditions. It is explained by high resistance of these lines to adverse environmental factors. In terms of yield, the highest homeostaticity and breeding value were shown by lines 22004, 22015, and 22008. Conclusions. During the research, we have identified the breeding lines 22004, 22015, 22008, and 22002 with high adaptive potential, which can used as a source material for developing highly productive varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: winter triticale, breeding lines, adaptability, yield, meteorological conditions
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