战后初期对列宁格勒干部的提拔

Aleksei N. Fedorov
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摘要

本文考察了1946-1949年列宁格勒干部晋升中央和地方机关的机制、规模和原因。俄罗斯史学界的普遍观点是,在战后的头几年里,列宁格勒的数百名高管在库兹涅佐夫的帮助下,在莫斯科和俄罗斯其他地区获得了重要职位。对20世纪40年代人事政策的研究表明,库兹涅佐夫作为中央干部部部长,负责干部问题的准备工作,但决策是由书记处和政治局作出的。该国的最高领导层,尤其是j·v·斯大林,小心翼翼地控制着所有关键人员的人事调整,因此库兹涅佐夫不能自由提拔他的人。对档案文件的分析表明,列宁格勒干部在战后的头几年并没有大规模的扩张。1945-1948年,列宁格勒每年只有20-30人获得高层职位。与其他地区的被任命者相比,他们更多的是领导大城市和小城市,但他们在苏联地区领导中的份额很小。列宁格勒领导人的积极晋升主要是因为他们中的许多人拥有大学学位和扎实的管理经验。中央委员会试图在列宁格勒人以及中央和地方部门的雇员的帮助下,克服合格中层管理人员的短缺。出于同样的原因,一些地区领导人也对列宁格勒人感兴趣。列宁格勒干部的晋升甚至在g.m. Malenkov再次负责他们的选拔时仍在继续,只是因为“列宁格勒事件”而停止。
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Promoting Leningrad Cadres in the First Post-War Years
The article examines the mechanism, scale and reasons for promoting Leningrad cadres to central and regional bodies in 1946–1949. The prevailing opinion in Russian historiography is that during the first post-war years, hundreds of executives from Leningrad received significant posts in Moscow and different regions of the country thanks to A. A. Kuznetsov. The study of personnel policies of the 1940s reveals that A. A. Kuznetsov, as the head of the Cadre Department of the Central Committee, was responsible for the preparation of issues concerning cadres, but the decisions were made by the Secretariat and Politburo. The country’s top leadership, and especially J. V. Stalin, carefully controlled all key personnel reshuffles, so A. A. Kuznetsov could not freely promote his people. An analysis of the archival documents shows that there was no large-scale expansion of Leningrad cadres in the first post-war years. In 1945–1948, only 20–30 people from Leningrad annually received high positions. In contrast to appointees from other regions, they more often headed obkoms and oblispolkoms, and yet their share in the regional leadership of the USSR was small. The active promotion of Leningrad leaders was primarily due to the fact that many of them had university degrees nd solid managerial experience. The Central Committee tried to overcome the shortage of qualified middle-ranking managers with the help of Leningraders, as well as employees of central and metropolitan departments. For the same reason, some regional leaders were also interested in Leningraders. The promotion of Leningrad cadres continued even when G. M. Malenkov became again responsible for their selection and was stopped only because of the “Leningrad affair”.
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