实验性微量元素缺失时成年大鼠肾上腺皮质的形态功能重排

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摘要

包括重金属盐在内的外源性药物决定了身体各个器官和系统的病理发展。肾上腺激素在机体基本功能的调节和维持中起着关键作用。暴露于重金属盐复合物下的青春期雄性大鼠肾上腺皮质的形态学、生化和免疫组织化学变化的研究仍然是现代形态学的一个实际方面。实验对象为24只体重250-300克、年龄7-8个月的成年雄性白鼠。试验组动物连续60天饮用饱和重金属盐(Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Cr)的普通饮用水。采用组织学、生化(COR -皮质醇、DHS -硫酸脱氢表雄酮含量测定)和免疫组化(增殖标志物Ki-67表达测定)方法。成年大鼠长期摄入重金属盐组合会导致腺体基质成分增厚、毛细血管破裂和血液流变学特性的破坏。在海绵状细胞核中发现了染色质凝结,其边缘位置和坏死性改变的初始阶段。腺体肾小球带和网状带的内分泌细胞增殖活性略有增加,而束状带的细胞无反应。这些结果与生物化学研究结果相关联,根据该结果,在给药60天的重金属盐复合物期间,实验动物体内网状带- DHS激素积极参与适应性反应的形成。复杂的研究结果表明,束状带细胞的分泌活性减弱,这对机体代偿适应过程的发展和对损伤剂反应的一般适应综合征的过程产生不利影响。
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Morphofunctional rearrangements of adrenal cortex of adult rats at the experimental microelementosis
Xenobiotics, including salts of heavy metals, determine the development of pathology of individual organs and systems of the body. Adrenal hormones occupy a key place in the regulation and maintenance of the organism basic functions. The study of morphological, biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in the adrenal cortex of pubescent male rats at exposure to the complex of heavy metal salts remains an actual aspect of modern morphology. The experiment involved 24 white adult male rats weighing 250–300 g, aged 7–8 months. The animals of the experimental group consumed ordinary drinking water saturated with a combination of heavy metal salts (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Cr) for 60 days. Histological, biochemical (determination of the content of hormones COR – cortisol, DHS – dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and immunohistochemical (determination of the expression of proliferation marker Ki-67) methods were used. Long-term consumption of the combination of heavy metals salts by mature rats leads to thickening of the stromal component of the gland, the rupture of capillaries and the violation of rheological properties of blood. Chromatin condensation, its marginal location, and initial stages of necrobiotic changes have been found in the spongiocyte nuclear apparatus. For endocrinocytes of the zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis of the gland, a slight increase in proliferative activity has been revealed, while cells of the zona fasciculata were non-reactive. These results correlate with the results of biochemical research, according to which hormones of the zona reticularis – DHS were actively involved in the formation of adaptive reactions in the body of experimental animals at the 60-day period of administration of the complex of heavy metals salts. The results of complex studies indicate a weakening of the secretory activity of cells of the zona fasciculata, which adversely affects the development of compensatory-adaptive processes in the body and the course of the general adaptation syndrome in response to the action of the damaging agent.
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