Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-1
I. Zagorodniuk
The history of the formation and migration of natural history collections in Ukraine in the first half of the 20th century is considered on the example of a unique specimen – a hedgehog with the label "Luxembourg" collected in 1932, and on the label is written "Museum named after Artem". The study showed that the specimen represents the species Erinaceus roumanicus, collected by the Kharkiv botanist E. Lavrynenko and the zoologist Panchenko, who worked in the south of Ukraine. Information about this specimen was found in one of the old inventory journals (circa 1935) of the Zoological Museum of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which is now part of the NMNH of Ukraine. The full reconstructed label information is as follows: "Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Polohy Rayon, Azov railway station near the village Luxembourg Ukrainian, 23/05/1932". This locality is situated 15 km away from the Kamyani Mohyly Reserve, which was most likely the destination of the researchers. According to the author’s reconstruction, the specimen was collected at a railway junction (RS Azov is known as "376 km Junction"), that is, at the place of long train stops in anticipation of passing the oncoming traffic, which was likely to have been the practice of the researchers at that time. The label "Museum named after Artem" should be identified as that belonging to the Kharkiv museum named after Artem (there were museums of the same name in Bakhmut and only since 1950 in Luhansk). An analysis of the movements of scientists, the most important of which took place in 1934–1936 in connection with the transfer of the capital of Ukraine from Kharkiv to Kyiv and the reorganization of a number of institutions, shows that this particular and many other collection specimens were transported to academic institutions in Kyiv. The collectors of this specimen are also the authors of mammal specimens from the Kherson (1928) and Kharkiv regions (1932, 1934); in 1934, Lavrenko moved to Kyiv, but there he was known only as a botanist. The analysis of the old inventory books of the NMNH collections and the history of movements of zoologists-collectors shows that the studied specimen, together with hundreds of others, was part of the working collection of O. Mygulin and was transported by him from Kharkiv to Kyiv when he began to work in “Zagotkhutro” in Zavorychy and as a doctoral student at the Zoological Museum of VUAN. Later, this specimen, like hundreds of others, was transferred to the osteological collection of the Department of Palaeozoology of ZooBIN (which was reorganized into the Institute of Zoology in 1939), and finally ended up in the Department of Palaeontology of the NMNH. During 90 years of forced "migration", the specimen changed at least four locations of storage and at least six nominal institutions (two in Kharkiv and four in Kyiv).
{"title":"A hedgehog from Luxembourg: the story of a specimen as evidence of migrations of museum collections between Kharkiv and Kyiv in the 1930s","authors":"I. Zagorodniuk","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-1","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the formation and migration of natural history collections in Ukraine in the first half of the 20th century is considered on the example of a unique specimen – a hedgehog with the label \"Luxembourg\" collected in 1932, and on the label is written \"Museum named after Artem\". The study showed that the specimen represents the species Erinaceus roumanicus, collected by the Kharkiv botanist E. Lavrynenko and the zoologist Panchenko, who worked in the south of Ukraine. Information about this specimen was found in one of the old inventory journals (circa 1935) of the Zoological Museum of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which is now part of the NMNH of Ukraine. The full reconstructed label information is as follows: \"Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Polohy Rayon, Azov railway station near the village Luxembourg Ukrainian, 23/05/1932\". This locality is situated 15 km away from the Kamyani Mohyly Reserve, which was most likely the destination of the researchers. According to the author’s reconstruction, the specimen was collected at a railway junction (RS Azov is known as \"376 km Junction\"), that is, at the place of long train stops in anticipation of passing the oncoming traffic, which was likely to have been the practice of the researchers at that time. The label \"Museum named after Artem\" should be identified as that belonging to the Kharkiv museum named after Artem (there were museums of the same name in Bakhmut and only since 1950 in Luhansk). An analysis of the movements of scientists, the most important of which took place in 1934–1936 in connection with the transfer of the capital of Ukraine from Kharkiv to Kyiv and the reorganization of a number of institutions, shows that this particular and many other collection specimens were transported to academic institutions in Kyiv. The collectors of this specimen are also the authors of mammal specimens from the Kherson (1928) and Kharkiv regions (1932, 1934); in 1934, Lavrenko moved to Kyiv, but there he was known only as a botanist. The analysis of the old inventory books of the NMNH collections and the history of movements of zoologists-collectors shows that the studied specimen, together with hundreds of others, was part of the working collection of O. Mygulin and was transported by him from Kharkiv to Kyiv when he began to work in “Zagotkhutro” in Zavorychy and as a doctoral student at the Zoological Museum of VUAN. Later, this specimen, like hundreds of others, was transferred to the osteological collection of the Department of Palaeozoology of ZooBIN (which was reorganized into the Institute of Zoology in 1939), and finally ended up in the Department of Palaeontology of the NMNH. During 90 years of forced \"migration\", the specimen changed at least four locations of storage and at least six nominal institutions (two in Kharkiv and four in Kyiv).","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135751954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-5
D. Hlushach, V. Zhmurko, O. Avksentieva
Photoperiod, which regulates the duration of vegetative and generative development, and the plant-microorganism interaction, which influences the metabolic status of plant organisms, are important factors in the regulating plant growth and development. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Glycine max (L.) Merr. genotype and seed pre-bacterization with a virulent and active strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the plant growth and development, and on the soluble carbohydrate content in leaves of isogenic by E-genes lines under field conditions. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of soybean, in which the E1, E2, and E3 genes are located at different allelic loci, were used. Sterile seeds were pretreated with distilled water (control) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b cell suspension (experiment). Plants were grown under natural long-day conditions (16 hours). The growth and development of the soybean were evaluated by phenological observations, morphometric indicators fixed at the V3 and V5 developmental stages, relative growth rate (RGR), and the content of soluble sugars ‒ mono- and oligosaccharides. The effect of the factors studied (genotype, bacterization, and their interaction) was calculated. The results of the experiment and the calculation of the effect of the factor showed that the isoline genotype has the greatest effect on seed germination, phenological development of the plant and duration of the VE-R1 phase, growth of the root system in the V3 and V5 phases, and the content of monosaccharides involved in forming the plant-microorganism interaction. The effect of bacterization is most evident in the RGR, shoot development, and the oligosaccharide content of the leaves of NILs in the V3 and V5 phases. Among the isolines studied, L 80-5879, which has the E1 gene (flowering repressor) in a dominant state, was characterized by minimal sensitivity to bacterization. It was found that bacterization and genotype interaction didn't influence the VE-R1 duration stage and the shoot and root length. The results obtained therefore prove that the E-series genes, which determine the photoperiodic sensitivity of soya beans, can also be indirectly involved in establishing plant-microorganism interactions.
{"title":"Influence of genotype and bacterization on growth, development, and soluble carbohydrate content in soybean E-genes isogenic lines","authors":"D. Hlushach, V. Zhmurko, O. Avksentieva","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-5","url":null,"abstract":"Photoperiod, which regulates the duration of vegetative and generative development, and the plant-microorganism interaction, which influences the metabolic status of plant organisms, are important factors in the regulating plant growth and development. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Glycine max (L.) Merr. genotype and seed pre-bacterization with a virulent and active strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the plant growth and development, and on the soluble carbohydrate content in leaves of isogenic by E-genes lines under field conditions. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of soybean, in which the E1, E2, and E3 genes are located at different allelic loci, were used. Sterile seeds were pretreated with distilled water (control) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b cell suspension (experiment). Plants were grown under natural long-day conditions (16 hours). The growth and development of the soybean were evaluated by phenological observations, morphometric indicators fixed at the V3 and V5 developmental stages, relative growth rate (RGR), and the content of soluble sugars ‒ mono- and oligosaccharides. The effect of the factors studied (genotype, bacterization, and their interaction) was calculated. The results of the experiment and the calculation of the effect of the factor showed that the isoline genotype has the greatest effect on seed germination, phenological development of the plant and duration of the VE-R1 phase, growth of the root system in the V3 and V5 phases, and the content of monosaccharides involved in forming the plant-microorganism interaction. The effect of bacterization is most evident in the RGR, shoot development, and the oligosaccharide content of the leaves of NILs in the V3 and V5 phases. Among the isolines studied, L 80-5879, which has the E1 gene (flowering repressor) in a dominant state, was characterized by minimal sensitivity to bacterization. It was found that bacterization and genotype interaction didn't influence the VE-R1 duration stage and the shoot and root length. The results obtained therefore prove that the E-series genes, which determine the photoperiodic sensitivity of soya beans, can also be indirectly involved in establishing plant-microorganism interactions.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135751955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-3
Т. Atemasova, V. Ronkin, G. Savchenko, O. Sinna
The remnants of natural steppes in Northeastern Ukraine are represented in small areas, interconnected by riverbeds or large, extensive ravines and gullies. The presence of a large number of plant and animal species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine is the basis for granting of national protection status to these territories. The total territory of the prospective National Nature Park (NNP) “Skhidnyi Steppe” includes three clusters: Vovchanskyi, Burlutskyi and Kupyansko-Shevchenkivskyi, its total area is 22272.0 hectares. The future park covers the existing reserves "Vovchansky" and "Siverskodonetsky", the regional landscape park "Velykoburluk Steppe" (4 segments), and several reserves of a small area. In addition to the steppe areas, it is planned to include forests and meadow areas. The flora and fauna of the territory to be protected are of high conservation value: 25 species of vascular plants are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine; 63 species are listed in the Red List of Kharkiv region; 17 species of chalk outcrops and chalk steppes are relics; 49 animal species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine; 100 animal species are listed in Annexes 2 and 3 of the Berne Convention, 27 bird species are included in the lists of Bonn Convention; 33 animal species are in the List of rare species and species requiring protection in the Kharkiv Region. In addition, the proposed park hosts groups of 11 formations included in the Green Book of Ukraine and 16 habitats in need of protection under the Berne Convention. The purpose of the establishment of the National Nature Park “Skhidnyi Steppe” is the protection of unique natural areas in Northeastern Ukraine, namely, the last remnants of steppe and meadow ecosystems and forests in steppe gullies, which are an integral part of the gully steppe macrocomplex. The primary task of the future national park is to protect the grasslands. The next step is the restoration of pasture ecosystems as habitats for rare and endangered steppe species. This paper describes the planned NNP as of early 2022; it does not reflect changes caused by the hostilities that began in February 2022 and continue in the northern part to date.
{"title":"Creation of the National Nature Park “Skhidnyi Steppe” as a means of preserving natural ecosystems in Northeastern Ukraine","authors":"Т. Atemasova, V. Ronkin, G. Savchenko, O. Sinna","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-3","url":null,"abstract":"The remnants of natural steppes in Northeastern Ukraine are represented in small areas, interconnected by riverbeds or large, extensive ravines and gullies. The presence of a large number of plant and animal species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine is the basis for granting of national protection status to these territories. The total territory of the prospective National Nature Park (NNP) “Skhidnyi Steppe” includes three clusters: Vovchanskyi, Burlutskyi and Kupyansko-Shevchenkivskyi, its total area is 22272.0 hectares. The future park covers the existing reserves \"Vovchansky\" and \"Siverskodonetsky\", the regional landscape park \"Velykoburluk Steppe\" (4 segments), and several reserves of a small area. In addition to the steppe areas, it is planned to include forests and meadow areas. The flora and fauna of the territory to be protected are of high conservation value: 25 species of vascular plants are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine; 63 species are listed in the Red List of Kharkiv region; 17 species of chalk outcrops and chalk steppes are relics; 49 animal species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine; 100 animal species are listed in Annexes 2 and 3 of the Berne Convention, 27 bird species are included in the lists of Bonn Convention; 33 animal species are in the List of rare species and species requiring protection in the Kharkiv Region. In addition, the proposed park hosts groups of 11 formations included in the Green Book of Ukraine and 16 habitats in need of protection under the Berne Convention. The purpose of the establishment of the National Nature Park “Skhidnyi Steppe” is the protection of unique natural areas in Northeastern Ukraine, namely, the last remnants of steppe and meadow ecosystems and forests in steppe gullies, which are an integral part of the gully steppe macrocomplex. The primary task of the future national park is to protect the grasslands. The next step is the restoration of pasture ecosystems as habitats for rare and endangered steppe species. This paper describes the planned NNP as of early 2022; it does not reflect changes caused by the hostilities that began in February 2022 and continue in the northern part to date.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"317 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135751957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-4
O. Avksentieva
The paper presents results of the study of the phytohormonal balance in mature, formed leaves of the lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of the winter variety Olvia during the transition from vegetative to generative development. Near isogenic for the VRN genes lines (NILs) created in the gene pool of the Olvia variety and plants of the vernalized and non-vernalized winter variety were used. The experiments were carried out under the conditions of a vegetation experiment in the factorial chamber of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants and Microorganisms of the V.N. Karazin KhNU. During the experiment, we conducted physiological observations and analyzed the development rate of experimental plants. Phytohormone analysis was carried out in fixed plant material by a chromatographic distribution of phytohormone mixture with thin-layer chromatography. The phytohormones were identified by the reference standards irradiating the chromatograms with ultraviolet UV (254 nm), and the content was determined by biotesting methods. The level of main classes of classical growth-stimulating phytohormones (auxins (IAA), cytokinins (CK), and gibberellins (GA), and growth-inhibiting hormones (abscisins (ABA)) was analyzed. The indicators of phytohormonal balance were calculated as the ratio of growth-stimulating and growth-inhibiting hormones. The results of the experiments showed that phytohormones in mature, formed leaves of the experimental plants are represented by auxins – 64.9-70.7 μg/g, cytokinins – 26.6-30.5 μg/g, gibberellins – 179.47-228.68 μg/g, and abscisins – 54.06-89.76 μg/g of dry weight. Among the phytohormone classes studied, the minimal was the cytokinins’ content, while the phytohormones of terpenoid nature (gibberellins and abscisins) were represented best. It has been established that the phytohormonal balance viz. the ratio of growth-stimulating and growth-inhibiting phytohormones reflects the development rate of experimental plants. Rapidly developing plants of isolines VRN 1 and VRN 3, and the plants of vernalized variety were characterized by the maximum phytohormone balance (especially GA/ABA), while the slowly developing plants of the isoline VRN 2 and the non-vernalized variety Olvia had the minimum balance. Since the plant organism is an integrated system of organs and functions, we assume that this indicator – phytohormonal balance in plant leaves, can be used as a marker of the ontogenetic state of the entire plant organism. The identified changes in the phytohormonal status of mature, formed leaves and the development rates of experimental plants have the same regularities in all the models used in our research: the model of isogenic lines and the model of vernalized and non-vernalized plants of the winter variety. This fact makes it possible to assume that changes in the phytohormone balance of mature leaves, which reflect the ontogenetic state of the entire plant organism, are determined by the genotypic
{"title":"Phytohormonal balance in leaves of the soft wheat lines isogenic for VRN genes","authors":"O. Avksentieva","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of the study of the phytohormonal balance in mature, formed leaves of the lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of the winter variety Olvia during the transition from vegetative to generative development. Near isogenic for the VRN genes lines (NILs) created in the gene pool of the Olvia variety and plants of the vernalized and non-vernalized winter variety were used. The experiments were carried out under the conditions of a vegetation experiment in the factorial chamber of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants and Microorganisms of the V.N. Karazin KhNU. During the experiment, we conducted physiological observations and analyzed the development rate of experimental plants. Phytohormone analysis was carried out in fixed plant material by a chromatographic distribution of phytohormone mixture with thin-layer chromatography. The phytohormones were identified by the reference standards irradiating the chromatograms with ultraviolet UV (254 nm), and the content was determined by biotesting methods. The level of main classes of classical growth-stimulating phytohormones (auxins (IAA), cytokinins (CK), and gibberellins (GA), and growth-inhibiting hormones (abscisins (ABA)) was analyzed. The indicators of phytohormonal balance were calculated as the ratio of growth-stimulating and growth-inhibiting hormones. The results of the experiments showed that phytohormones in mature, formed leaves of the experimental plants are represented by auxins – 64.9-70.7 μg/g, cytokinins – 26.6-30.5 μg/g, gibberellins – 179.47-228.68 μg/g, and abscisins – 54.06-89.76 μg/g of dry weight. Among the phytohormone classes studied, the minimal was the cytokinins’ content, while the phytohormones of terpenoid nature (gibberellins and abscisins) were represented best. It has been established that the phytohormonal balance viz. the ratio of growth-stimulating and growth-inhibiting phytohormones reflects the development rate of experimental plants. Rapidly developing plants of isolines VRN 1 and VRN 3, and the plants of vernalized variety were characterized by the maximum phytohormone balance (especially GA/ABA), while the slowly developing plants of the isoline VRN 2 and the non-vernalized variety Olvia had the minimum balance. Since the plant organism is an integrated system of organs and functions, we assume that this indicator – phytohormonal balance in plant leaves, can be used as a marker of the ontogenetic state of the entire plant organism. The identified changes in the phytohormonal status of mature, formed leaves and the development rates of experimental plants have the same regularities in all the models used in our research: the model of isogenic lines and the model of vernalized and non-vernalized plants of the winter variety. This fact makes it possible to assume that changes in the phytohormone balance of mature leaves, which reflect the ontogenetic state of the entire plant organism, are determined by the genotypic","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135751952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-2
O. Nipot, N. Yershova, S. Yershov, O. Chabanenko, N. Shpakova
The effect of pretreating mammalian erythrocytes with phenylhydrazine on their sensitivity to hypertonic shock and hypertonic cryohemolysis was investigated. The results of the experiments showed that the sensitivity of intact mammalian erythrocytes to these stress effects is species-specific. It can be determined by differences in the protein and phospholipid composition of the erythrocytes studied. Human erythrocytes are more sensitive to hypertonic shock at 37 and 0°C, and human and equine erythrocytes are more sensitive to hypertonic cryohemolysis. It was found that under hypertonic shock conditions, the degree of lysis of rabbit erythrocytes at 37°C and 0°C is the same, whereas that of bovine red blood cells is significantly different. Phenylhydrazine treatment alters the sensitivity of erythrocytes to hypertonic shock of some studied mammals and to hypertonic cryohemolysis in all of them. The results showed that under hypertonic shock at 37°C, the sensitivity of human and bovine cells decreases, that of rabbit cells does not change, that of horse cells increases; at 0°C, it increases in all species studied. It should be noted that the sensitivity of horse erythrocytes to hypertonic injury increases significantly (almost twice) at 0 and 37°C, whereas the sensitivity of rabbit erythrocytes does not change at 37°C. Under conditions of hypertonic cryohemolysis, the degree of cell lysis after treatment with phenylhydrazine becomes the same for erythrocytes of all mammalian species studied, i.e. the effect of stress becomes universal and not species-specific. Taking into account the data on the effect of phenylhydrazine only on the protein part of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton-membrane complex, it can be assumed that the protein component of the cytoskeleton is decisive in the response of mammalian erythrocytes to the effect of hypertonic cryohemolysis. As for hypertonic shock, since the species-specificity of the mammalian erythrocyte response to stress is preserved after phenylhydrazine action on membrane proteins, other structures, such as the lipid component of the membrane, could determine the sensitivity of erythrocytes to this type of stress.
{"title":"Changes in the sensitivity of mammalian erythrocytes to hypertonic shock and cryohemolysis under the pretreatment by phenylhydrazine","authors":"O. Nipot, N. Yershova, S. Yershov, O. Chabanenko, N. Shpakova","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2023-40-2","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pretreating mammalian erythrocytes with phenylhydrazine on their sensitivity to hypertonic shock and hypertonic cryohemolysis was investigated. The results of the experiments showed that the sensitivity of intact mammalian erythrocytes to these stress effects is species-specific. It can be determined by differences in the protein and phospholipid composition of the erythrocytes studied. Human erythrocytes are more sensitive to hypertonic shock at 37 and 0°C, and human and equine erythrocytes are more sensitive to hypertonic cryohemolysis. It was found that under hypertonic shock conditions, the degree of lysis of rabbit erythrocytes at 37°C and 0°C is the same, whereas that of bovine red blood cells is significantly different. Phenylhydrazine treatment alters the sensitivity of erythrocytes to hypertonic shock of some studied mammals and to hypertonic cryohemolysis in all of them. The results showed that under hypertonic shock at 37°C, the sensitivity of human and bovine cells decreases, that of rabbit cells does not change, that of horse cells increases; at 0°C, it increases in all species studied. It should be noted that the sensitivity of horse erythrocytes to hypertonic injury increases significantly (almost twice) at 0 and 37°C, whereas the sensitivity of rabbit erythrocytes does not change at 37°C. Under conditions of hypertonic cryohemolysis, the degree of cell lysis after treatment with phenylhydrazine becomes the same for erythrocytes of all mammalian species studied, i.e. the effect of stress becomes universal and not species-specific. Taking into account the data on the effect of phenylhydrazine only on the protein part of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton-membrane complex, it can be assumed that the protein component of the cytoskeleton is decisive in the response of mammalian erythrocytes to the effect of hypertonic cryohemolysis. As for hypertonic shock, since the species-specificity of the mammalian erythrocyte response to stress is preserved after phenylhydrazine action on membrane proteins, other structures, such as the lipid component of the membrane, could determine the sensitivity of erythrocytes to this type of stress.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135751956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2022-39-1
H. Fu
Aim: specify the spike color inheritance in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) hybrids. Methods: reciprocal hybrids between the black-spikeed UA0300282 and white-spikeed UA0300311 cultivated einkorn accessions were created with the use of the “single cross” method. Four generations were analyzed using the segregation analysis method: P1, P2, F1, and F2 at autumn and spring sowing. Results: it was found that for the combination UA0300311 × UA0300282 at autumn sowing, the most suitable inheritance model is MX2-EA-AD, which implies the presence of two main genes with an equal additive effect plus polygene systems with an additive-dominant effect. In the plants of spring sowing, spike color is described by the MX2-CD-AD model, which suggests the presence of two major genes with full dominant effect plus polygenes with additive-dominant effect. In the reciprocal combination UA0300282 × UA0300311, the optimal model that describes best the spike color dispersion in plants of autumn sowing is MX2-ADI-AD, which suggests the presence of two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus polygenes with the additive-dominant effect. Distribution of the spring-sowing plants in terms of the spike color is well described by the MX2-ADI-ADI model – two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus a system of polygenes also with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect. The genes manifest themselves differently in the trait control depending on the weather conditions determined by the sowing time. In the group of direct combination plants (UA0300311 × UA0300282) of autumn sowing, heritability determined by the main gene is 97%, while that determined by polygenes is 2.7%; at spring sowing, these values are 67% and 32% respectively. In the reciprocal combination (UA0300282 × UA0300311) of autumn sowing, the main genes heritability effect is 99%, and the polygenic system accounts for 1%; in plants of spring sowing, respectively, 72%, and 28%. Conclusions: on the basis of the spike color expressiveness in the crossing combination of the einkorn kinds of wheat UA0300311 × UA0300282, the parental forms differ in two main genes and polygenes. The ratio of spike color heritability components depends on the growing conditions: at autumn sowing, 97–99 % of heritability is determined by the main genes, the polygenes account for 1–3 % of phenotypic variability; at spring sowing, the heritability component increases to 28–33 % due to the polygenic complex.
{"title":"Inheritance of spike color in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.)","authors":"H. Fu","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2022-39-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2022-39-1","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: specify the spike color inheritance in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) hybrids. Methods: reciprocal hybrids between the black-spikeed UA0300282 and white-spikeed UA0300311 cultivated einkorn accessions were created with the use of the “single cross” method. Four generations were analyzed using the segregation analysis method: P1, P2, F1, and F2 at autumn and spring sowing. Results: it was found that for the combination UA0300311 × UA0300282 at autumn sowing, the most suitable inheritance model is MX2-EA-AD, which implies the presence of two main genes with an equal additive effect plus polygene systems with an additive-dominant effect. In the plants of spring sowing, spike color is described by the MX2-CD-AD model, which suggests the presence of two major genes with full dominant effect plus polygenes with additive-dominant effect. In the reciprocal combination UA0300282 × UA0300311, the optimal model that describes best the spike color dispersion in plants of autumn sowing is MX2-ADI-AD, which suggests the presence of two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus polygenes with the additive-dominant effect. Distribution of the spring-sowing plants in terms of the spike color is well described by the MX2-ADI-ADI model – two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus a system of polygenes also with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect. The genes manifest themselves differently in the trait control depending on the weather conditions determined by the sowing time. In the group of direct combination plants (UA0300311 × UA0300282) of autumn sowing, heritability determined by the main gene is 97%, while that determined by polygenes is 2.7%; at spring sowing, these values are 67% and 32% respectively. In the reciprocal combination (UA0300282 × UA0300311) of autumn sowing, the main genes heritability effect is 99%, and the polygenic system accounts for 1%; in plants of spring sowing, respectively, 72%, and 28%. Conclusions: on the basis of the spike color expressiveness in the crossing combination of the einkorn kinds of wheat UA0300311 × UA0300282, the parental forms differ in two main genes and polygenes. The ratio of spike color heritability components depends on the growing conditions: at autumn sowing, 97–99 % of heritability is determined by the main genes, the polygenes account for 1–3 % of phenotypic variability; at spring sowing, the heritability component increases to 28–33 % due to the polygenic complex.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76820399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genotype-environment (G × E) interactions for non-polar lipids and fatty acids were studied in 28 chickpea accessions. The total nonpolar lipid content was determined by Soxhlet procedure; fatty acid profiles were investigated by gas chromatography. There were strong negative correlations between oleic and linoleic acids and between oleic and linolenic acids. The correlation between linoleic and linolenic acids was positive and either strong or moderate. Correlations between the other acids were differently directed and of various strengths. Line Luh 99/11 turned out to be an outlier in relation to the other genotypes due to an unusually high content of stearic acid. Cultivar CDC Jade was an outlier because of too low content of stearic acid and too high content of linoleic acid. Accession UD0502195 was an outlier due to a higher content of palmitic acid. Accessions UD0500022 and UD0502195 were outliers due to the low content of total nonpolar lipids. The variability in the total nonpolar lipid content was not affected by the environment, but the environment contributions to the variability of oleic and linoleic acids were very high. There were only statistically significant differences in the oleic and linoleic acid amounts between the cultivation years. There was a positive correlation between the oleic acid content and the average air temperature during the “anthesis – maturity” period and a negative correlation between the linoleic acid content and the average temperature during this period. There was also a negative correlation between the oleic acid content and precipitation during the “anthesis – maturity” period and a positive correlation between the linoleic acid content and precipitation during this period. The palmitic acid content was the most responsive to environmental changes in cultivar CDC Vanguard and the most resistant in cultivar Krasnokutskiy 123. The stearic acid content was the most sensitive to environmental changes in cultivar ILC 3279 and the most irresponsive in accession UKR001:0502116. As to oleic and linoleic acids, line L 273-18 had the bi (plasticity) and S2di (stability) values coupled with the corresponding mean contents, meaning that this genotype may be adapted to decreased temperature. The ecovalence values (Wi2) for the total nonpolar lipids, palmitic, stearic and linolenic acids indicated that these characteristics were little responsive to environmental fluctuations. As to oleic and linoleic acids, Wi2 values were much higher in many accessions, confirming the variability of these parameters depending on growing conditions. Having the highest Wi2 values, accession Garbanzo 2 is expected to show high degrees of the G × E interactions for oleic and linoleic acids. S2di was positively correlated with Wi2.
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2022-39-2
K. Vozovyk, N. Shevchenko
Chlorococcum dissectum Korshikov, 1953 is a unicellular freshwater green alga capable of accumulating and depositing lipids in cells. Regardless of their origin and taxonomic classification, biotechnologically important microorganisms and cell lines are biological resources that are used to produce various products. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of low-temperature storage conditions on the alga viability. The temperatures used were as follows: –18, –40, –70, and –196°C. An ordinary household freezer was used to provide –18°C. Cooling to –40 and –70°C was carried out with uncontrolled cooling rates by placing the cryotubes directly into the freezers or using a Mr. Frosty freezing container, which provides a temperature decrease rate of 1 deg/min. Freezing to –196°C was carried out by direct immersion of cryotubes in liquid nitrogen and two-stage cooling at 1 and 20 deg/min to –40°C with subsequent transfer to a cryostorage. The viability of C. dissectum was determined by counting the colonies formed on BG-11 agarized nutrient medium. It was found that the cells completely lost their viability after freezing to –18°C and storage for two days. Cryopreservation to –196°C for all studied variants and uncontrolled cooling rate to –40 and –70°C, as well as further storage of such samples at these temperatures, led to significant or complete loss of their viability. Cooling in a Mr. Frosty freezer container to –40 and –70°C did not affect the ability of cells to grow. Moreover, storing C. dissectum at –40°C did not cause a significant loss of viability throughout the study period, and its storage at –70°C did not change the viability index at all. The obtained results showed that the controlled cooling and the use of freezers at –40°C and –70°C, respectively, are promising for medium-term and long-term storage of C. dissectum suspension culture. To increase the viability of samples after cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature, it is necessary to develop cryopreservation modes using cryoprotectants.
{"title":"Effect of low temperature storage conditions on the viability of microalgae Chlorococcum dissectum","authors":"K. Vozovyk, N. Shevchenko","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2022-39-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2022-39-2","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorococcum dissectum Korshikov, 1953 is a unicellular freshwater green alga capable of accumulating and depositing lipids in cells. Regardless of their origin and taxonomic classification, biotechnologically important microorganisms and cell lines are biological resources that are used to produce various products. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of low-temperature storage conditions on the alga viability. The temperatures used were as follows: –18, –40, –70, and –196°C. An ordinary household freezer was used to provide –18°C. Cooling to –40 and –70°C was carried out with uncontrolled cooling rates by placing the cryotubes directly into the freezers or using a Mr. Frosty freezing container, which provides a temperature decrease rate of 1 deg/min. Freezing to –196°C was carried out by direct immersion of cryotubes in liquid nitrogen and two-stage cooling at 1 and 20 deg/min to –40°C with subsequent transfer to a cryostorage. The viability of C. dissectum was determined by counting the colonies formed on BG-11 agarized nutrient medium. It was found that the cells completely lost their viability after freezing to –18°C and storage for two days. Cryopreservation to –196°C for all studied variants and uncontrolled cooling rate to –40 and –70°C, as well as further storage of such samples at these temperatures, led to significant or complete loss of their viability. Cooling in a Mr. Frosty freezer container to –40 and –70°C did not affect the ability of cells to grow. Moreover, storing C. dissectum at –40°C did not cause a significant loss of viability throughout the study period, and its storage at –70°C did not change the viability index at all. The obtained results showed that the controlled cooling and the use of freezers at –40°C and –70°C, respectively, are promising for medium-term and long-term storage of C. dissectum suspension culture. To increase the viability of samples after cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature, it is necessary to develop cryopreservation modes using cryoprotectants.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78584518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-03
Anastasiia Denysiuk
The article analyzes the possibility of implementing a political dialogue between states in the context of globalization. Attention is drawn to the existence of states of different types, differing in political regimes and traditions. This situation complicates communication between them and making effective decisions for all participants in the interaction. A political dialogue is modeled between states that differ in resources and degree of influence. They consider mechanisms for building a dialogue between states in order to maintain a balance between defending the interests of citizens and realizing the values of globalization. Attention is focused on the fact that it is necessary to form and consolidate at the international legislative level the functions and methods of influence of a superstate organization that would act as a guarantor of the security of each state and create conditions for maintaining and implementing the results of a political dialogue. The prospects for asserting the authority of Ukraine in international relations are considered. Actual tasks are systematized, the solution of which will help Ukraine get the role of an influential state in a globalized world. We are talking about improving the legal framework, developing effective mechanisms for harmonizing domestic law with Western European law. It is important to introduce effective organizational and legal mechanisms of state administration and minimize the commercialization of the information space. It is substantiated that it is necessary to form an international parliamentary group that would deal with issues of coordination of global socio-economic policy. It is noted that it is important to consolidate at the international legislative level the functions and methods of influence of the supranational organization, which would be the guarantor of world security and would create conditions for conducting and implementing political dialogue.
{"title":"POLITICAL DIALOGUE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATIONAL CHANGES","authors":"Anastasiia Denysiuk","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-03","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the possibility of implementing a political dialogue between states in the context of globalization. Attention is drawn to the existence of states of different types, differing in political regimes and traditions. This situation complicates communication between them and making effective decisions for all participants in the interaction. A political dialogue is modeled between states that differ in resources and degree of influence. They consider mechanisms for building a dialogue between states in order to maintain a balance between defending the interests of citizens and realizing the values of globalization. Attention is focused on the fact that it is necessary to form and consolidate at the international legislative level the functions and methods of influence of a superstate organization that would act as a guarantor of the security of each state and create conditions for maintaining and implementing the results of a political dialogue.\u0000\u0000The prospects for asserting the authority of Ukraine in international relations are considered. Actual tasks are systematized, the solution of which will help Ukraine get the role of an influential state in a globalized world. We are talking about improving the legal framework, developing effective mechanisms for harmonizing domestic law with Western European law. It is important to introduce effective organizational and legal mechanisms of state administration and minimize the commercialization of the information space.\u0000\u0000It is substantiated that it is necessary to form an international parliamentary group that would deal with issues of coordination of global socio-economic policy. It is noted that it is important to consolidate at the international legislative level the functions and methods of influence of the supranational organization, which would be the guarantor of world security and would create conditions for conducting and implementing political dialogue.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83138461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-02
T. Komarova
The problem of stability / instability of the modern state and factors of overcoming destructive phenomena are considered, the most important of which is excessive growth of phenomenon of chance in political development. The article is devoted to problems of specificity of explication of concept of glamorous stability in the information epoch. The content of axiological guidelines, which are priority for forming stability of both society and political regime, was analyzed. It is determined that information and communication technologies can be "digested" by interaction technologies and public practices according to their needs and purposes. The author analyzes what value meanings in formation of identities contribute to stabilization in political sphere and social adaptation as a whole. Author notes negativism of tendency to priority of technology over axiology in spiritual and practical mastering of the world by human. The calls of modern times are reflected on understanding of democracy: procedure’s aspects are prevails over substantial side. It is logical that sharpening of contradictions in the orbit of such important axiological meanings as stability, democracy, freedom.
{"title":"GLAMOROUS STABILITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBALIZATION","authors":"T. Komarova","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-02","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of stability / instability of the modern state and factors of overcoming destructive phenomena are considered, the most important of which is excessive growth of phenomenon of chance in political development. The article is devoted to problems of specificity of explication of concept of glamorous stability in the information epoch. The content of axiological guidelines, which are priority for forming stability of both society and political regime, was analyzed. It is determined that information and communication technologies can be \"digested\" by interaction technologies and public practices according to their needs and purposes. The author analyzes what value meanings in formation of identities contribute to stabilization in political sphere and social adaptation as a whole. Author notes negativism of tendency to priority of technology over axiology in spiritual and practical mastering of the world by human. The calls of modern times are reflected on understanding of democracy: procedure’s aspects are prevails over substantial side. It is logical that sharpening of contradictions in the orbit of such important axiological meanings as stability, democracy, freedom.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75301306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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