现代乌兹别克斯坦境内的共和主义

B. Alimdjanov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文论述了不同历史时期乌兹别克斯坦境内存在的共和主义形式。作者根据历史学家、东方学家和旅行者回忆录的研究,认为第一个共和国于14世纪在乌兹别克斯坦境内的撒马尔罕出现。第一个共和国的缔造者是萨巴达人。第二个共和国——塔什干“贵族”土地持有(18世纪)——由尤努斯·科贾(Yunus Khoja)在一场长期的内战后建立。塔什干的“贵族”共和国没有维持多久:大约25年。第三共和国(突厥斯坦自治)于1917年由当地精英的“资产阶级”代表建立。突厥斯坦的自治持续了72天,被布尔什维克摧毁。第四个共和国是乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国(1917-1991)。乌兹别克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国被认为是一个社会主义共和国。其实质表现为工人、知识分子和农民的联合。第五共和国是后苏联时代的民主国家乌兹别克斯坦。作者在苏联史学的基础上表明,在20世纪,知识分子试图在乌兹别克斯坦的历史中找到共和主义的形式。在20世纪40年代的苏联史学中,有人试图在苏联中亚创造“共和”传统。据发件人说,这些企图一直持续到今天。笔者认为,乌兹别克斯坦政治学并未研究中亚地区的共和主义问题。
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Republicanism on the Territory of Modern Uzbekistan
The article discusses the forms of republicanism that existed in the territory of Uzbekistan in different historical times and eras. The author, based on the research of historians, orientalists and memoirs of travelers, believes that the first republic emerged in the territory of Uzbekistan in the 14th century in Samarkand. The founders of the first republic were Sarbadars. The second republic — Tashkent “aristocratic” land-holding (18th century) — was founded by Yunus Khoja after a long internecine war. The Tashkent “aristocratic” republic did not last long: about 25 years. The third republic (Turkestan autonomy) was brought into being in 1917 by “bourgeois” representatives of the local elite. Turkestan autonomy lasted 72 days and was destroyed by the Bolsheviks. The fourth republic was the Uzbek SSR (1917–1991). The Uzbek SSR was considered a socialist republic. Its essence was manifested in the union of workers, intelligentsia and farmers. The fifth republic is a democratic post-Soviet Uzbekistan. The author, on the basis of the Soviet historiography, shows that during the 20th century, intellectuals tried to find forms of republicanism in the history of Uzbekistan. In the Soviet historiography of the 1940s, attempts were made to invent “republican” traditions in Soviet Central Asia. According to the author, these attempts continue to this day. The author believes that the political science of Uzbekistan does not study the problem of republicanism in Central Asia.
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