乌克兰右岸草原水分不足区不同施肥制度下短期轮作的有效性

Yu.V. Mashchenko, I. Semeniaka, M. Cheriachukin, O. M. Hryhoreva
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It was found that the field crops of both grain-fallow-row and grain-row crop rotations were formed the highest productivity under high level of fertilization. Under different fertilization systems, it was noted that the productivity of grain-fallow-row crop rotation is higher than grain-row crop rotation by 8.3 t/ha or by 5.6 %. The productivity of both crop rotations was increased by an average of 6.4–7.8 % due to the application of microbial preparations against the background of mineral and organomineral fertilization systems. The content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in all variants of both crop rotations increased due to studied fertilizer rates, but these rates were insufficient to maintain the content of nitrogen and humus at the initial level. In both crop rotations, it was noted that the lowest degree of \"burning\" humus was on the background of the organomineral fertilizers. 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引用次数: 1

摘要

时事性。在乌克兰右岸草原湿度不足的情况下,农业与天气风险、播种面积和施肥系统的适当结构不符合有关,这使得农业作物难以获得高而稳定的产量。农业系统的发展是提高产量水平和整个农业产业竞争力的基础。的目标。研究短期生物轮作中不同施肥制度对普通黑钙土肥力及作物生产力的影响。方法。现场试验,实验室,统计方法。结果。结果表明,在高施肥水平下,稻田作物和轮作作物的产量最高。在不同施肥制度下,谷粒-休行轮作的生产力比谷粒-行轮作高8.3 t/ hm2或5.6%。由于在矿肥和有机肥系统的背景下施用微生物制剂,这两种作物轮作的生产力平均提高了6.4 - 7.8%。在两种轮作中,所有变异的流动磷和交换钾含量均因施肥量的增加而增加,但这些施肥量不足以将氮和腐殖质含量维持在初始水平。在这两种作物轮作中,人们注意到,腐殖质“燃烧”程度最低的是有机肥。在轮作中施用有机肥时,该指标为0.50%,比施用矿肥和对照低0.06%;在轮作中,该指标为0.46%,分别比施用有机肥和对照低0.11%和0.06%。结论。轮作的平均收益为9114.4澳元/公顷,比轮作多1039澳元/公顷,高出11.4%。其优点是有机肥系统的前驱剩余物被用作有机肥,对土壤有机质的合成、生产力和经济效益都有积极的影响。关键词:轮作,肥料,产量,生产力,土壤肥力,经济效益。
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Effectiveness of short-term crop rotations under different fertilization systems in the insufficient moisture zone of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine
Topicality. In the condition of insufficient moisture in the Right Bank Steppe of Ukraine, agriculture is associated with weather risks, non-compliance with the appropriate structure of sown areas and fertilization systems, which makes it difficult to obtain high and stable yields of agricultural crops. The development of agricultural systems is the basis for increasing both yield levels and the competitiveness of the agricultural industry as a whole. Aim. To study the influence of fertilization systems on the fertility of ordinary chernozems and crop productivity in biological short-term crop rotations. Methods. Field trial, laboratory, statistical methods. Results. It was found that the field crops of both grain-fallow-row and grain-row crop rotations were formed the highest productivity under high level of fertilization. Under different fertilization systems, it was noted that the productivity of grain-fallow-row crop rotation is higher than grain-row crop rotation by 8.3 t/ha or by 5.6 %. The productivity of both crop rotations was increased by an average of 6.4–7.8 % due to the application of microbial preparations against the background of mineral and organomineral fertilization systems. The content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in all variants of both crop rotations increased due to studied fertilizer rates, but these rates were insufficient to maintain the content of nitrogen and humus at the initial level. In both crop rotations, it was noted that the lowest degree of "burning" humus was on the background of the organomineral fertilizers. When organomineral fertilizers were applied in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation, this indicator was 0.50 % that was 0.06 % less compared to variant with the mineral fertilization and control, and in grain-row crop rotation, this indicator was 0.46 % that was less by 0.11 and 0.06 %, respectively. Conclusions. Profit at the level (on average) of UAH 9114.4/ha was obtained in grain-fallow-row crop rotation, it is more by UAH 1039/ha, or 11.4 % compared to grain-row crop rotation. The advantage was that the predecessor residues in the organomineral fertilizer system was used as organic fertilizer, which have a positive effect on the synthesis of organic matter in the soil, productivity and economic efficiency. Keywords: crop rotations, fertilizers, yield, productivity, soil fertility, economic efficiency.
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