堆肥反应器的热回收:运行行为、加热功率及影响因素的实地研究

Nele Jaschke, T. Schmidt-Baum
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要本研究评估了用于热回收的静态堆肥生物反应器的常用工艺和设置设计。一种符合可持续发展的生物经济目标的技术,它结合了堆肥热量和堆肥材料的利用。近年来,人们对这项技术的兴趣不断增长,但中试规模反应堆的精确数据却很少。需要数据来调整流程以满足定制需求和进一步的技术发展。因此,木质素纤维素基生物质在未充气的圆柱形堆肥反应器中堆肥,尺寸为20至70 m3,持续140天。生物质碳氮比约为25:1,含水量43 ~ 48%,有机质含量40.6% d.m.,热值8.3 MJ/kg d.m.。反应器内温度和气体浓度(氧、二氧化碳、甲烷)的空间分布表明厌氧核心区产甲烷。在平均热流温度约为40℃的条件下,63 m3反应器的最大热功率为5.2 kW。运行6个月计算出最大回收热功率为4.8 MJ/kg d.m.。这相当于所测热值的50%。对中试反应器回收热功率影响最大的因素是反应器的尺寸、设置质量和换热器的控制。产热与有氧消化之间的空间相关性表明了曝气技术的发展。
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Heat Recovery of Compost Reactors: Field Study of Operational Behaviour, Heating Power and Influence Factors
Abstract This study evaluates the common process and set-up design of a static compost bioreactor for heat recovery. A technology, which fits the goal of a sustainable, growing bioeconomy which combines the utilization of compost heat and compost material. Interest on this technology has been growing the last years but precise data of pilot scale reactors is rare. Data is required to adjust the process for custom needs and further technical development. Therefore, lignin-cellulose based biomass was composted in unaerated cylindrical compost reactors size 20 to 70 m3 for 140 days. The biomass comes with C:N ratio of about 25:1, water content of 43-48 %, organic matter content of 40.6 % d.m. and calorific value of 8.3 MJ/kg d.m. Spatial distribution of temperature and gas concentration (oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane) within the reactor shows methane production of the anaerobic core area. Maximum thermal power of 5.2 kW from a 63 m3 reactor with average temperature of heating flow about 40 °C was reached. Maximum recovered heating power of 4.8 MJ/kg d.m. was calculated for an operation of 6 month. This corresponds to 50 % of the measured calorific value. Biggest influence factors detected on the recovered heating power of the pilot scale reactor has been the size of reactor, the set up quality and the control of heat exchanger. The spatial correlation between heat production and aerobic digestion suggests a technical development in terms of aeration.
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