1769-1774年讽刺杂志中关于书和阅读的情节

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.17223/23062061/25/6
T. Rozhkova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着时间的推移,现代人类科学对启蒙运动的兴趣仍然在继续,这已经成为研究18世纪60年代和70年代期刊的原因之一,作为其复杂的社会和文化进程的一部分。将特定的文化实践分离出来进行分析,可以集中精力识别文化变化中的一些人类学意义,以及应对当前冲突的一些方法。这篇文章的作者观察了被认定为讽刺的杂志(Truten、Zhivopisets、Vsyakaya Vsyachina、Adskaya Pochta、Smes等)如何在书与阅读之间进行对话。这一课题的意义在于早期社会对贵族教育问题的讨论。在18世纪60年代和70年代,由于凯瑟琳大帝教育人们“新品牌”的想法,这个话题以一种新的方式流行起来。为了解决这个问题,政府开始重组教育机构,其课程开始包括世俗科学、书籍和艺术。然而,由于变化,家庭教育仍然关闭。在那里,中世纪的精神书籍仍然占主导地位,因为“阿姨”——导师(所谓的“starushki”)害怕任何文化创新。众所周知,在本世纪下半叶,中世纪文本的权威变得越来越弱,这一论点得到了不同杂志文章的证明。这些文章基于当代人的日常经验和考试,这些当代人是文化变革的见证人,他们不得不选择读什么,在哪里以及如何教育他们的孩子。在不同类型的出版物中,我们可以注意到,新闻界继续重视书籍和阅读,认为这是一种学习和教育的好方法。此外,中世纪的文本似乎倾向于迷信的宇宙观。在当时的当代讽刺思想中,中世纪的书籍标志着读者的变化。父母对宗教信仰的虚伪看法、对政府规则的不尊重、对农奴的残酷对待等一些例子降低了阅读中世纪书籍的价值。相反,积极的英雄表现出对新的世俗知识和书籍的兴趣,努力成为博览群书和学习外语,能够做出自由的选择。要培养出这样一个高尚的人,只有当他们的父母考虑到孩子的天性,考虑到他们对导师的选择,并对政府的变化敏感。几代人可以停止阅读古老的俄罗斯书籍,他们正在改变自己的阅读习惯。他们可以自由地选择书籍和批判性地阅读。博览群书的趋势使阅读更具活力。
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The Plot About the Book and Reading in Satirical Magazines of 1769–1774
The interest that modern human science shows in the Enlightenment as time still continues and has become one of the reasons to examine the periodicals of the 1760s and 1770s as part of its complex social and cultural process. Separating a specific cul-tural practice for analysis allowed concentrating on identifying some anthropological senses in cultural changes and some ways of coping with current conflicts. The author of the article observes how the magazines that are identified as satirical (Truten’, Zhivopisets, Vsyakaya Vsyachina, Adskaya Pochta, Smes’, and others) make a dialogue between the book and reading. The significance of this topic is the early discussion on the problem of educating the nobility that was held in the society. In the 1760s and 1770s, the topic became popular in a new way because of the ideas of Catherine the Great to educate people “of a new brand”. To solve the problem, the government started to reor-ganize educational institutions whose programs began to include secular science, books and art. However, home schooling remained closed for changes. There, medieval spiritual books still dominated because “aunties”-tutors (so-called “starushki”) were afraid of any cultural innovations. The well-known thesis that, in the second part of the century, the authority of medieval texts became weaker is proved by different magazine articles that were based on the daily experience and examinations of contemporaries who were the witnesses of the cultural changes and who had to choose what to read, where and how to teach their children. In publications of different genres, we can notice that the press con-tinued to value the book and reading as a good way to learn and educate. Besides, medie-val texts appeared to be something that favored superstitious views on the Universe. In the then contemporary satirical ideas, medieval books marked the changing generation of readers. Some examples of parents’ sanctimonious views on religious beliefs, disrespect towards governmental rules, cruel treatment of serfs degraded the value of reading medie-val books. On the contrary, positive heroes showed interest in the new secular knowledge and books, tried to become well-read and study foreign languages, to be capable of making a free choice. To bring up such a noble person was only possible if their parents were thoughtful to their children’s natural proclivity and to the choice of their tutors, and were sensitive to governmental changes. Generations that could stop reading Old Russian books were changing their reading habits. They became free in choosing books and in reading them critically. The trend to be well-read made reading more dynamic.
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing
Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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