A Review: Sample Preparation Methods for the Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food Samples

The pesticide residues in foods have received increasing attention as one of the most important food safety issues. Therefore, more strict regulations on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in foods have been established in many countries and health organizations, based on the sensitive and reliable analysis methods of pesticide residues. However, the analysis of pesticide residues is a continuing challenge mainly because of the small quantities of analytes as well as the large amounts of interfering substances which can be co-extracted with them, often leading to experimental errors and damage to the Analytical instruments. Thus, extensive sample preparation is often required for the pesticide residue analysis for the effective extraction of the analytes and removal of the interferences. This paper focuses on reviewing the recent development in the sample preparation methods for the pesticide residue analysis in some food samples. The methods include: Liquid-Liquid extraction (LLE), Solid-Phase extraction (SPE), Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion (MSPD), Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), QuEChERS, and Liquid Phase Micro-extraction (LPME).