17 - 18世纪陶瓷上的希伯来文铭文

Q4 Arts and Humanities Arheologia Moldovei Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI:10.15407/arheologia2023.01.127
B. Pryshchepa, Yulia Rusakova, L. Chmil
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在本文中,作者讨论了一些早期现代陶瓷容器上的希伯来文铭文的验证、归属和科学流通的介绍。这个问题还没有在乌克兰的考古出版物中提出。这种孤立的铭文以前被错误地解释为陶工的标记。今天已知的刻有希伯来文铭文的器皿有十几件。特别是,它们是在比拉察尔克瓦、基辅、奥斯特罗三个城市的发掘中发现的。这些是来自17世纪上半叶奥斯特罗地窖的三个盘子、两个小杯子和一个大杯子的碎片,来自17世纪末至18世纪初Bila Tserkva建筑的两个盘子和一个马克杯的碎片,以及来自17世纪基辅建筑的一个锅的碎片。可以区分两组铭文。第一个是容器上的逾越节铭文,显然是为逾越节家宴(节日晚餐的象征性产品)或节日期间的日常使用而设计的。使用一套额外的容器来庆祝节日是由犹太教规和使用克瓦斯的具体禁令来解释的。刻有“逾越节面粉”(kimkha de Piskha)字样的杯子属于第二组。它完全与宗教需要有关,是为了在逾越节收集捐赠(tzadaka)。Tzadaka作为一种履行慈善的宗教义务奠定了犹太社区存在的基础。这导致了不同类型的募款箱的激增。一般来说,这个题目需要详细的调查,涉及更多的考古材料,解释和将迄今未发表的材料引入科学流通。
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Inscriptions in Hebrew on Ceramic Ware of the 17th—18th Centuries
In the article the authors deal with the verification, attribution and introduction into scientific circulation of a number of Hebrew inscriptions on Early Modern ceramic vessels. This issue has not been raised in the Ukrainian archaeological publications yet. Such isolated inscriptions were previously wrongly interpreted as potters’ marks. More than a dozen of vessels with inscriptions in Hebrew are known today. In particular, they were found during the excavations of three cities — Bila Tserkva, Kyiv, Ostroh. These are fragments of three plates, two small and one large mugs, which come from the cellar of the first half of the 17th century in Ostroh, two plates and a mug from the building of the late 17th — early 18th centuries in Bila Tserkva, as well as a pot from the building of the 17th century in Kyiv. Two groups of inscriptions can be distinguished. The first one is Passover inscriptions on vessels that were obviously intended for the Passover Seder (a symbolic set of products for a holiday supper) or for daily usage during the holiday. Using an additional set of vessels to the holiday is explained by kashrut norms and specific prohibitions of kvass use. The mug with an inscription “kimkha de Piskha” (“flour for Pesach”) belongs to the second group. It was associated exclusively with religious needs and was intended for the collection of donations (tzadaka) on Passover. Tzadaka as a religious obligation to perform charity laid at the basis of the Jewish community existence. It led to the proliferation of different types of money boxes for collecting donations. In general, the topic requires detailed investigations with the involvement of additional archaeological materials, interpretation and introduction of hitherto unpublished materials into scientific circulation.
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来源期刊
Arheologia Moldovei
Arheologia Moldovei Arts and Humanities-Archeology (arts and humanities)
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
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0
期刊介绍: Arheologia Moldovei is one of the most prestigious Romanian scientific journals in the field of Archaeology, issued since 1961 by the Institute of Archaeology in Iasi, under the aegis of the Romanian Academy. Since 1990 the issues of the journal are published yearly. The journal publishes larger studies, papers, as well as notes and reviews pertaining to all fields of Archaeology, in terms of both chronology (from prehistory to the Middle Ages) and thematic (from theoretical essays to excavation reports and archaeometry). The languages of publication are English, German, French and Romanian (the latter with with larger English abstracts).
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