生态哲学与自然的矛盾心理:克尔凯郭尔与克瑙斯论百合、鸟与存在

IF 0.2 0 PHILOSOPHY Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI:10.1515/kierke-2021-0014
M. Mjaaland
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在《田野里的百合花和空中的鸟》(1849)一书中,克尔凯郭尔对浪漫主义美学进行了简洁的批判,这与蒂莫西·莫顿等当代生态批评和生态哲学的批判是一致的。浪漫主义诗人将自然视为他们内心思想和情感的镜子,从而将自己和自己的创造力神化,而克尔凯郭尔则强调造物主的权威和自然的外在性。他在美学、伦理学、认识论和本体论的各个层面上识别了这种浪漫主义自我迷恋的后果,并试图制定一种替代方案。我认为,这些论述因此代表了另一种自然哲学,揭示了对存在的礼物的直接喜悦。因此,作为人意味着依赖自然,融入自然。这使得克尔凯郭尔成为当代生态哲学和生态批评的高度相关的对话者,正如knausg的小说《Morgenstjernen》(2020)所揭示的那样。
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Ecophilosophy and the Ambivalence of Nature: Kierkegaard and Knausgård on Lilies, Birds and Being
Abstract In The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air (1849), Kierkegaard presents a succinct critique of Romantic aesthetics, in line with contemporary critiques of ecocriticism and ecophilosophy, e.g. by Timothy Morton. Whereas Romantic poets see nature as a mirror of their inner thoughts and pathos, thereby divinising themselves and their creativity, Kierkegaard emphasises the authority of the Creator and the exteriority of nature. He identifies the consequences of such Romantic self-infatuation on all levels of discourse: aesthetics, ethics, epistemology and ontology, and seeks to formulate an alternative. I argue that the discourses thus represent an alternative philosophy of nature, revealing an immediate joy for the gift of being-there. Being human thus means being dependent on and embedded in nature. This makes Kierkegaard a highly relevant interlocutor for contemporary ecophilosophy and ecocriticism, as revealed by Knausgård’s novel Morgenstjernen (2020).
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