老信徒漫画:西伯利亚出现克里奥尔文字的历史

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.17223/23062061/30/4
V. Esipova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在探讨19世纪末西伯利亚材料上的克里奥尔文本(CT)的出现历史。漫画书被认为是这种文本的一个特例。在此之前,这类材料并没有被用来研究CT的历史。本文列举并简要介绍了一些主要由国内作者撰写的关于CT问题的著作。它也表明某些类型的CT研究的存在,特别是-漫画。这项研究的来源是叙利亚人以撒写的一份包含“禁食的话”的手稿。手稿保存在托木斯克国立大学研究图书馆(B-5548)。它写于1894-1895年,在托木斯克省的领土上,属于当地的一位老信徒。手稿上的记录——抄写员对所做工作的记录,以及作为分裂的手稿转移到托木斯克神学院的记录——允许重建它的历史。手稿上的插图经过了检查。其中,可以被称为漫画的是:它们包括几个与情节相关的部分,并展示了故事的发展。我们发现了两幅可以称为漫画的插图:关于沉默和营养的。每个插图由三个部分组成;为了表示时间的移动,艺术家使用了不同位置的太阳在人物的头上。此外,还发现了三幅可以称为原型漫画的插图。他们没有情节发展,但他们是CT的一个例子:有图像的字幕与主要文本的内容密切相关。所发现的插图的一个重要特征是作者文本的直译主义。在现代广告中也使用了类似的技术。研究人员还描述了其他类似的案例。例如,G.V. Markelov在一份来自北德维纳的手稿中描述了“frieze”微缩模型。这些图像是由几张纸粘合在一起的,其中包含了从文本中依次展开的几个场景。文章的结论是,包括漫画在内的CT现象,目前受到研究者的广泛关注,有着非常悠久的历史,部分已经被研究覆盖。在19世纪末的俄罗斯各省可以观察到CT。CT主要不是在官方出版物中出现,而是在与读者接收有关的作品中出现,尤其是在手写书籍中,这是一个特点。因此,CT以漫画书的形式为西伯利亚读者所知,并被用来说明,特别是教父的文本。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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Old Believer comics: To the history of the emergence of creolized texts in Siberia
The article aims to consider the history of the appearance of the creolized text (CT) on Siberian materials of the late 19th century. A comic book is considered as a special case of such a text. Previously this kind of materials have not been used to study the history of CT. The article lists and briefly characterizes a number of works, mainly by domestic authors, on the problem of CT. It also indicates the presence of studies of certain types of CT, in particular - comics. The source of the study is a manuscript containing “Fasting Words” by Isaac the Syrian. The manuscript is stored in the Research Library of Tomsk State University (B-5548). It was written in 1894-1895 on the territory of Tomsk Province and belonged to one of the local Old Believers. The records on the manuscript - a scriber’s record of the work done and a record of the transfer of the manuscript as a schismatic one to Tomsk Theological Seminary - allow reconstructing its history. The illustrations of the manuscript were examined. Among them, those that can be called comics were identified: they include several plot-related parts and show the development of the story. Two illustrations were found that can be called comics: about silence and about nutrition. Each of the illustrations consists of three parts; to indicate the movement of time, the artist used a different position of the sun over the heads of the characters. Also three illustrations were found that can be called proto-comics. They do not have plot development, but they are a case of CT: there are images with captions that are closely related to the content of the main text. An important feature of the discovered illustrations is literalism in the transfer of the author’s text. A similar technique is used in modern advertising. There are other similar cases described by researchers. For instance, G.V. Markelov describes “frieze” miniatures in one of the manuscripts from the Northern Dvina. These are images glued together from several sheets of paper and containing several sequentially unfolding scenes from the text. The article concludes that the phenomenon of CT, including comics, which currently attracts a lot of attention from researchers, has a very long history, partly already covered in studies. CT can be observed in the Russian provinces at the end of the 19th century. It is characteristic that CT is seen primarily not in official publications, but in works related to reader reception - in handwritten books in particular. Thus, CT in the form of a comics book was known to the Siberian reader and was used to illustrate, in particular, patristic texts. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing
Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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Titles of editions: Between advertising and pragmatics On church singing in the Fedoseevtsy collection Paternal Testaments. Article I The reader-character in Yuri Felzen’s novel Letters about Lermontov Book review: Tatsumi, Y. & Tsurumi, T. (eds) (2020) Publishing in Tsarist Russia: A history of print media from Enlightenment to Revolution. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 280 р. Perception of pictorial text: Problematization, actualization, new methodological approaches
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