井区技术治理发展研究

Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite, M. T. Lopes
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摘要

本文描述了巴西国家石油公司井区技术治理的建立和实施,包括研发、鉴定和认证项目。公司标准描述了技术治理,以确保一致性和客观性。它包括两个主要过程:(i)建立技术规范;(二)技术评价。前者包括精研/审查侧重于功能、质量和可靠性方面的技术规格和明确规定的规范要求。后一个过程从潜在供应商介绍技术和项目领域的兴趣评价开始。随后,根据分配给该技术的准备程度,可将其分配为研发、鉴定或认证项目,针对适当的处理并确保必要分析的快速性。为了实现整个流程的操作,Petrobras在井区设立了一个部门,负责组织和领导与公司引进新技术相关的流程,并将其与已经建立良好的研发流程联系起来。已与所有有关技术领域的管理人员举行了审议论坛,以便共同作出决定。优先项目由多学科工作组进行,包括项目和运营团队、合同部门的代表以及油井专家。所有的技术过程交付都通过标准文件进行报告,并记录在公司系统中,确保可追溯性和技术记忆保存。如今,所有的流程都建立良好,并运行了2年多,并得到了利益相关者的良好反馈。值得一提的是,部门和团队之间和内部的沟通流程有所改善,角色和职责的更好定义减少了接口问题,并且可以轻松获得与项目相关的所有各方都可以访问的信息。此外,还有一个持续改进的系统解决方案,确保输入,维护,控制和咨询整个过程中共享的整个信息。基于新设备/材料/服务评估的技术就绪水平所采用的方法与其他领域(如航空航天工业)的良好实践相一致。此外,技术规范侧重于功能、质量和可靠性要求,以及快速获取信息的系统解决方案,符合IOGP建议、ISO标准以及越来越严格的监管情况,特别是在马孔多事件后的经验教训。
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On the Development of Technology Governance in the Well Area
The present paper describes the establishment and implementation of the technology governance in the well area at Petrobras, which includes R&D, qualification and homologation projects. Corporate standards delineated the technology governance to assure uniformity and impersonality. It comprises two main processes: (i) establishment of technical specifications; (ii) technology evaluation. The former includes the elaboration/review of technical specifications focused on functional, quality and reliability aspects and clearly defined normative requirements. The latter process begins with the presentation of the technology by the potential suppliers and evaluation of interest by the project areas. Subsequently, in accordance with the readiness level assigned to the technology, it may be allocated as a R&D, qualification or homologat ion project, addressing to the appropriate treatment and assuring celerity for the necessary analysis. To operationalize the whole process, Petrobras created a department in well area responsible for structuring and leading processes related to the admission of new technologies to the company, linked with the already well established R&D process. Deliberative forums have been held with managers of all the technical areas involved allowing collegial decision. Prioritized projects have been conducted by multidisciplinary working groups, including representatives from project and operation team, contract department, and also well experts. All technology process deliveries are reported by means of standard documents and are recorded in corporate system ensuring traceability and technical memory preservation. Nowadays, all the processes are well established and running for over 2 years with good feedback from stakeholders. It is worth mentioning the improvements in communication flow between and within departments and teams, better definition of roles and responsibilities reducing interface issues and easy availability of information that may be accessed for all parties involved with the projects. Additionally, there is a continuous improvement for system solutions assuring input, maintain, control and consult the whole information shared throughout the process. The method adopted based on technology readiness level for new equipment/material/service assessment is aligned to good practices from other segments, such as aerospace industry. Moreover, technical specification focused on functional, quality and reliability requirements and system solutions for quick information availability complies with IOGP recommendations, ISO standards and with an increasingly restrictive regulation scenario especially after the lessons learned post-Macondo.
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