高分子胶束作为肿瘤靶向药物载体

N. Dand, Pranav B. Patel, A. Ayre, V. J. Kadam
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引用次数: 29

摘要

高分子胶束可通过被动和主动两种机制靶向肿瘤部位。聚合物胶束固有的一些特性,如纳米级的大小、血浆中的稳定性、在体内的寿命以及肿瘤的病理特性,使得聚合物胶束通过增强渗透和滞留效应的被动机制靶向肿瘤部位。由两亲嵌段共聚物形成的聚合物胶束适用于水溶性差、疏水的抗癌药物的包封。聚合物胶束的其他特性,如外壳的分离功能,有助于通过活性机制将抗癌药物靶向肿瘤。聚合物胶束可以与许多配体结合,如抗体片段、表皮生长因子、α 2 -糖蛋白、转铁氨酸和叶酸等,将胶束靶向癌细胞。热疗和超声是促进肿瘤细胞内药物积累的两种方法。利用胶束靶向也可用于肿瘤血管生成,这是抗癌药物的潜在靶点。本文综述了利用聚合物胶束靶向肿瘤部位的抗癌药物的最新研究进展。
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Polymeric micelles as a drug carrier for tumor targeting
Polymeric micelle can be targeted to tumor site by passive and active mechanism. Some inherent properties of polymeric micelle such as size in nanorange, stability in plasma, longevity in vivo, and pathological characteristics of tumor make polymeric micelles to be targeted at the tumor site by passive mechanism called enhanced permeability and retention effect. Polymeric micelle formed from the amphiphilic block copolymer is suitable for encapsulation of poorly water soluble, hydrophobic anticancer drugs. Other characteristics of polymeric micelles such as separated functionality at the outer shell are useful for targeting the anticancer drug to tumor by active mechanisms. Polymeric micelles can be conjugated with many ligands such as antibodies fragments, epidermal growth factors, α 2 -glycoprotein, transferrine, and folate to target micelles to cancer cells. Application of heat and ultrasound are the alternative methods to enhance drug accumulation in tumoral cells. Targeting using micelles can also be done to tumor angiogenesis which is the potentially promising target for anticancer drugs. This review summarizes about recently available information regarding targeting the anticancer drug to the tumor site using polymeric micelles.
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