Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129341
R. Surekha, Priyadarshini Sharma, K. Asif, S. Debnath, Tabitha Rani, D. Ramesh
Background: Our understanding of pathogenesis of periodontal disease has changed remarkably over a few decades. Rather than being confined to periodontium, periodontal disease may have a wide ranging systemic effects. It is now recognized that it shares most of the common risk factors for diabetes, coronary heart disease preterm low birth weight, miscarriage or early pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of 400 women (200 pregnant women and 200 non-pregnant) with an age range of 18-40 years. Maternal demographic and medical data were collected. Periodontal examinations included: Oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Results: The results were analyzed using test of proportion when OHI-S was compared in pregnant women with that of non-pregnant individuals, there was no significant difference in good oral hygiene group ( P = 0.187, Z = 1.32). When the GI index was evaluated, a definite statistical difference was noted in mild, moderate and severe gingivitis (P - 0.000, Z = 0.365; P - 0.00, Z = 4.17; P - 0.000, Z = 0.75). CAL index revealed a statistical difference was observed healthy periodontium, mild, moderate and severe periodontitis in both pregnant and non-pregnant women ( P = −0.000, Z = 3.65; P - 0.000, Z = 5.83; P - 0.001, Z - 3.24; P - 0.000, Z - 6.47). Conclusion: The present study conducted supports the hypothesis that there is a definite correlation between the pregnant women and poor oral hygiene (gingivitis and periodontitis) as compared with the non-pregnant controls.
背景:几十年来，我们对牙周病发病机制的认识发生了显著变化。牙周病不仅限于牙周组织，还可能对全身产生广泛的影响。现在人们认识到，它与糖尿病、冠心病、早产、低出生体重、流产或早孕流产和先兆子痫有共同的危险因素。材料与方法:研究组由400名妇女组成，其中孕妇200名，非孕妇200名，年龄18-40岁。收集了产妇人口统计和医疗数据。牙周检查包括:口腔卫生指数(OHI-S)、牙龈指数(GI)、牙袋探诊深度和临床附着损失(CAL)。结果:孕妇与非孕妇ohi发生率比较采用比例检验，口腔卫生良好组ohi发生率差异无统计学意义(P = 0.187, Z = 1.32)。当评估GI指数时，轻度、中度和重度牙龈炎有明确的统计学差异(P - 0.000, Z = 0.365;P - 0.00, z = 4.17;P - 0.000, z = 0.75)。CAL指数显示健康牙周组织、轻度、中度和重度牙周炎在孕妇和非孕妇中均有统计学差异(P = - 0.000, Z = 3.65;P - 0.000, z = 5.83;P - 0.001, z - 3.24;P - 0.000, z - 6.47)。结论:本研究支持孕妇与未怀孕对照组相比，口腔卫生不良(牙龈炎和牙周炎)之间存在明确相关性的假设。
{"title":"Periodontal status in pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant individuals","authors":"R. Surekha, Priyadarshini Sharma, K. Asif, S. Debnath, Tabitha Rani, D. Ramesh","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Our understanding of pathogenesis of periodontal disease has changed remarkably over a few decades. Rather than being confined to periodontium, periodontal disease may have a wide ranging systemic effects. It is now recognized that it shares most of the common risk factors for diabetes, coronary heart disease preterm low birth weight, miscarriage or early pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of 400 women (200 pregnant women and 200 non-pregnant) with an age range of 18-40 years. Maternal demographic and medical data were collected. Periodontal examinations included: Oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Results: The results were analyzed using test of proportion when OHI-S was compared in pregnant women with that of non-pregnant individuals, there was no significant difference in good oral hygiene group ( P = 0.187, Z = 1.32). When the GI index was evaluated, a definite statistical difference was noted in mild, moderate and severe gingivitis (P - 0.000, Z = 0.365; P - 0.00, Z = 4.17; P - 0.000, Z = 0.75). CAL index revealed a statistical difference was observed healthy periodontium, mild, moderate and severe periodontitis in both pregnant and non-pregnant women ( P = −0.000, Z = 3.65; P - 0.000, Z = 5.83; P - 0.001, Z - 3.24; P - 0.000, Z - 6.47). Conclusion: The present study conducted supports the hypothesis that there is a definite correlation between the pregnant women and poor oral hygiene (gingivitis and periodontitis) as compared with the non-pregnant controls.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73086049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129335
D. Arome, Chinedu Enegide, S. Ameh
Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic property of aqueous root extract of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, stress induced hyperthermia (SIH), elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field experimental models were employed. Results: In SIH model, the extract caused a significant ( P T 2 and ∆T) at doses of 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. Similar reduction in the body temperature was obtained by diazepam 2.5 mg/kg used as standard, while increase in the body temperature ( T 2 ) was observed in the normal saline group. In EPM model, experimental doses of 200, 400 mg/kg of the extract and 2.5 mg/kg of diazepam produced significant ( P P > 0.05) effect. In open field model, 200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg extract doses significantly ( P Conclusion: In different experimental models used significant anxiolytic effect was observed of the aqueous extract at different dose levels in comparison to reference standard and normal saline group. This clearly justified its folkloric application in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
{"title":"Pharmacological evaluation of anxiolytic property of aqueous root extract of Cymbopogon citratus in mice","authors":"D. Arome, Chinedu Enegide, S. Ameh","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129335","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic property of aqueous root extract of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, stress induced hyperthermia (SIH), elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field experimental models were employed. Results: In SIH model, the extract caused a significant ( P T 2 and ∆T) at doses of 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. Similar reduction in the body temperature was obtained by diazepam 2.5 mg/kg used as standard, while increase in the body temperature ( T 2 ) was observed in the normal saline group. In EPM model, experimental doses of 200, 400 mg/kg of the extract and 2.5 mg/kg of diazepam produced significant ( P P > 0.05) effect. In open field model, 200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg extract doses significantly ( P Conclusion: In different experimental models used significant anxiolytic effect was observed of the aqueous extract at different dose levels in comparison to reference standard and normal saline group. This clearly justified its folkloric application in the treatment of anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73225448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129342
S. Wahal, S. Mohindroo
Ovarian fibroma accounts for 4% of all ovarian tumors. The mean age of presentation is 48 years. Nearly 10% cases are seen in age less than 30 years. Bilateral fibromas occur in association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (gorlin syndrome). We report a case of bilateral fibromas in a 22-year-old female patient with ascites without any evidence of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
{"title":"Bilateral ovarian fibromas in a young patient: A rare occurrence","authors":"S. Wahal, S. Mohindroo","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129342","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian fibroma accounts for 4% of all ovarian tumors. The mean age of presentation is 48 years. Nearly 10% cases are seen in age less than 30 years. Bilateral fibromas occur in association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (gorlin syndrome). We report a case of bilateral fibromas in a 22-year-old female patient with ascites without any evidence of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79420656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129327
Avinash Kurrey, Preeti K. Suresh, M. Singh
Oral controlled release dosage forms encounter several physiological constraints like inability to retain and locate the controlled drug delivery system within the desired region of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) due to variation in gastric emptying. This leads to non - uniform absorption profile, insufficient drug release and shorter residence time of the dosage form in the stomach. As the fallout of this event, there is incomplete absorption of the drug having absorption window especially, in the upper part of GIT. These considerations have led to the development of oral controlled release dosage forms with gastroretentive properties. Hollow microspheres hold promise as one of the potential approaches for gastric retention. Hollow microspheres are spherical empty particles without core and can remain in the gastric region for prolonged periods. They significantly extend the gastric residence time of drugs, thereby improving bioavailability, reduced the drug waste and improved solubility for drugs that are less soluble at a higher pH environment. This review attempts to bring more insight into recent advances in methods of fabrication techniques and applications of hollow microspheres.
{"title":"Hollow microspheres as a drug carrier: An overview of fabrication and in vivo characterization techniques","authors":"Avinash Kurrey, Preeti K. Suresh, M. Singh","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129327","url":null,"abstract":"Oral controlled release dosage forms encounter several physiological constraints like inability to retain and locate the controlled drug delivery system within the desired region of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) due to variation in gastric emptying. This leads to non - uniform absorption profile, insufficient drug release and shorter residence time of the dosage form in the stomach. As the fallout of this event, there is incomplete absorption of the drug having absorption window especially, in the upper part of GIT. These considerations have led to the development of oral controlled release dosage forms with gastroretentive properties. Hollow microspheres hold promise as one of the potential approaches for gastric retention. Hollow microspheres are spherical empty particles without core and can remain in the gastric region for prolonged periods. They significantly extend the gastric residence time of drugs, thereby improving bioavailability, reduced the drug waste and improved solubility for drugs that are less soluble at a higher pH environment. This review attempts to bring more insight into recent advances in methods of fabrication techniques and applications of hollow microspheres.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78269486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129331
Geetanjali Bade, Swati Shah, P. Nahar, S. Vaidya
Background: Menopause is a natural event in the ageing process and signifies the end of reproductive years with cessation of cyclic ovarian function as manifested by cyclic menstruation. Lipid profile is altered in menopause because of various reasons. Objectives: The study was aimed to compare the lipid profile in women with normal body mass index (BMI) = 18.9-24.9 and women with BMI = 25-29.9 in both pre- and post-menopausal group. Materials and Methods: Estimation of total cholesterol (TC) by CHOD-PAP Cholesterol Oxidase - Peroxidase + Aminophenazone + Phenol method, triglyceride (TG) by enzymatic calorimetric method, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) phosphotungstic acid method, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) by using Friedewald formula and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was done by using the formula -VLDL = TG/5 in 30 women selected in each group. Results: Our study revealed that serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher in post-menopausal women in comparison to their pre-menopausal counterparts, irrespective of BMI ( P P Conclusions: We found that serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher in post-menopausal women in comparison to their pre-menopausal counterparts, irrespective of BMI. Similarly, HDL-C levels were significantly lower in post-menopausal women as compared to pre-menopausal women of similar BMI. Since we found similar changes in women of different BMIs, the difference in hormonal status is the probable cause of altered lipid profile. Hence, all post-menopausal women irrespective of body weight and BMI should be strongly counseled to have proper physical exercise and dietary habits to avoid the possible cardiovascular complications.
{"title":"Effect of menopause on lipid profile in relation to body mass index","authors":"Geetanjali Bade, Swati Shah, P. Nahar, S. Vaidya","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129331","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Menopause is a natural event in the ageing process and signifies the end of reproductive years with cessation of cyclic ovarian function as manifested by cyclic menstruation. Lipid profile is altered in menopause because of various reasons. Objectives: The study was aimed to compare the lipid profile in women with normal body mass index (BMI) = 18.9-24.9 and women with BMI = 25-29.9 in both pre- and post-menopausal group. Materials and Methods: Estimation of total cholesterol (TC) by CHOD-PAP Cholesterol Oxidase - Peroxidase + Aminophenazone + Phenol method, triglyceride (TG) by enzymatic calorimetric method, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) phosphotungstic acid method, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) by using Friedewald formula and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was done by using the formula -VLDL = TG/5 in 30 women selected in each group. Results: Our study revealed that serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher in post-menopausal women in comparison to their pre-menopausal counterparts, irrespective of BMI ( P P Conclusions: We found that serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly higher in post-menopausal women in comparison to their pre-menopausal counterparts, irrespective of BMI. Similarly, HDL-C levels were significantly lower in post-menopausal women as compared to pre-menopausal women of similar BMI. Since we found similar changes in women of different BMIs, the difference in hormonal status is the probable cause of altered lipid profile. Hence, all post-menopausal women irrespective of body weight and BMI should be strongly counseled to have proper physical exercise and dietary habits to avoid the possible cardiovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87439729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129329
H. Chavda, Rupal D Patel, Ishan P Modhia, C. Patel
Background: Superporous hydrogel (SPH) swells very rapidly in a shorter period of time to an equilibrium size and contains highly porous structure. The literature survey reflects the preparation of SPHs and its composite, but its application as an excipient in a drug delivery system is not well focused. Aim: Efforts were made to develop fast disintegrating tablets of Glipizide using superporous hydrogel particles (SPHPs) as a wicking agent, which act as a superdisintegrant to decrease disintegration time. Materials and Methods: The SPH of poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) was prepared by solution polymerization and characterized. Prepared tablets were evaluated for concerned parameters. Formulation optimization was carried out using 3 2 full factorial design and analysis of variance. Results: Scanning electron microscopy pictures clearly confirmed the superporous structure of hydrogel. Batch F 4 containing 4% w/w of SPH of poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) as a superdisintegrant showed extremely fast wicking effect and lesser disintegration time compared with other potential superdisintegrants. Drug release was good compared with conventional immediate release marketed product. Conclusion: It can be concluded that SPHPs can be used as a potential superdisintegrant in tablet formulation.
{"title":"Role of superporous hydrogel particles as a superdisintegrant in fast disintegrating tablet of Glipizide","authors":"H. Chavda, Rupal D Patel, Ishan P Modhia, C. Patel","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Superporous hydrogel (SPH) swells very rapidly in a shorter period of time to an equilibrium size and contains highly porous structure. The literature survey reflects the preparation of SPHs and its composite, but its application as an excipient in a drug delivery system is not well focused. Aim: Efforts were made to develop fast disintegrating tablets of Glipizide using superporous hydrogel particles (SPHPs) as a wicking agent, which act as a superdisintegrant to decrease disintegration time. Materials and Methods: The SPH of poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) was prepared by solution polymerization and characterized. Prepared tablets were evaluated for concerned parameters. Formulation optimization was carried out using 3 2 full factorial design and analysis of variance. Results: Scanning electron microscopy pictures clearly confirmed the superporous structure of hydrogel. Batch F 4 containing 4% w/w of SPH of poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) as a superdisintegrant showed extremely fast wicking effect and lesser disintegration time compared with other potential superdisintegrants. Drug release was good compared with conventional immediate release marketed product. Conclusion: It can be concluded that SPHPs can be used as a potential superdisintegrant in tablet formulation.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81231998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129344
Vikas Gupta, Sushma Ahlawat, B. Patel, O. Shankar, Kuldeep Kumar, S. Shukla, S. Shukla, N. Kaur, M. Dubey, L. Singh
Background: In this study, a method for determination of tetracycline (TC) residues in poultry with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography technique was validated. Materials and Methods: The principle step involved in ultrasonic-assisted extraction of TCs from poultry samples by 2 ml of 20% trichloroacetic acid and phosphate buffer (pH 4), which gave a clearer supernatant and high recovery, followed by centrifugation and purification by using 0.22 μm filter paper. Results: Validity study of the method revealed that all obtained calibration curves showed good linearity ( r 2 > 0.999) over the range of 40-4500 ng. Sensitivity was found to be 1.54 and 1.80 ng for oxytetracycline (OTC) and TC. Accuracy was in the range of 87.94-96.20% and 72.40-79.84% for meat. Precision was lower than 10% in all cases indicating that the method can be used as a validated method. Limit of detection was found to be 4.8 and 5.10 ng for OTC and TC, respectively. The corresponding values of limit of quantitation were 11 and 12 ng. Conclusion: The method reliably identifies and quantifies the selected TC and OTC in the reconstituted poultry meat in the low and sub-nanogram range and can be applied in any laboratory.
{"title":"High-performance liquid chromatography method validation for determination of tetracycline residues in poultry meat","authors":"Vikas Gupta, Sushma Ahlawat, B. Patel, O. Shankar, Kuldeep Kumar, S. Shukla, S. Shukla, N. Kaur, M. Dubey, L. Singh","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129344","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this study, a method for determination of tetracycline (TC) residues in poultry with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography technique was validated. Materials and Methods: The principle step involved in ultrasonic-assisted extraction of TCs from poultry samples by 2 ml of 20% trichloroacetic acid and phosphate buffer (pH 4), which gave a clearer supernatant and high recovery, followed by centrifugation and purification by using 0.22 μm filter paper. Results: Validity study of the method revealed that all obtained calibration curves showed good linearity ( r 2 > 0.999) over the range of 40-4500 ng. Sensitivity was found to be 1.54 and 1.80 ng for oxytetracycline (OTC) and TC. Accuracy was in the range of 87.94-96.20% and 72.40-79.84% for meat. Precision was lower than 10% in all cases indicating that the method can be used as a validated method. Limit of detection was found to be 4.8 and 5.10 ng for OTC and TC, respectively. The corresponding values of limit of quantitation were 11 and 12 ng. Conclusion: The method reliably identifies and quantifies the selected TC and OTC in the reconstituted poultry meat in the low and sub-nanogram range and can be applied in any laboratory.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85535626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129352
Y. Guruprasad, D. Chauhan
{"title":"Anesthetic considerations in Townes-Brocks syndrome","authors":"Y. Guruprasad, D. Chauhan","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73871742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129338
Richard L. Jayaraj, N. Elangovan
Background: Free radicals are underpinned to initiate cascade of toxic events leading to oxidative stress and resultant cell death in many neurodegenerative disorders. Now-a-days antioxidants have become mandatory in the treatment of various diseases apart from the drug's modes of action. CNB-001, a novel hybrid molecule synthesized by combining curcumin and cyclohexyl bisphenol A is known to possess various biological activities, but the antioxidative property of the compound has not yet been elucidated. Aim: The present study is aimed to analyze various free radicals scavenging by employing in vitro antioxidant assays and to evaluate the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) protecting the ability of CNB-001 against hydroxyl radicals. Materials and methods: The in vitro antioxidant potential of CNB-001 was evaluated by analyzing its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide radicals and reducing power using spectroscopic method. The DNA protecting activity of CNB-001 was also evaluated on pUC19 plasmid DNA subjected to hydroxyl radicals using standard agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: From the assays, it was observed that CNB-001 scavenged free radicals effectively in a dose dependent manner. CNB-001 scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 = 44.99 μg/ml), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (IC50 = 17.99 μg/ml), nitric oxide (IC50 = 1.36 μg/ml), superoxide radical (IC50 = 77.17 μg/ml), hydrogen peroxide (IC50 = 492.7 μg/ml), superoxide (IC50 = 36.92 μg/ml) and hydroxyl (IC50 = 456.5 μg/ml) radicals effectively and the reducing power was found to be 11.53 μg/ml. CNB-001 showed considerable protecting activity against plasmid DNA (pUC19) strand scission by •OH at dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Results from these assays concluded that CNB-001 has a good antioxidant potential by reducing reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen radicals and it showed significant protecting activity against DNA scission by hydroxyl radicals. Hence, CNB-001 can be further developed as potential drug for free radical induced neurodegenerative disorders.
{"title":"In vitro antioxidant potential and deoxyribonucleic acid protecting activity of CNB-001, a novel pyrazole derivative of curcumin","authors":"Richard L. Jayaraj, N. Elangovan","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.129338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.129338","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Free radicals are underpinned to initiate cascade of toxic events leading to oxidative stress and resultant cell death in many neurodegenerative disorders. Now-a-days antioxidants have become mandatory in the treatment of various diseases apart from the drug's modes of action. CNB-001, a novel hybrid molecule synthesized by combining curcumin and cyclohexyl bisphenol A is known to possess various biological activities, but the antioxidative property of the compound has not yet been elucidated. Aim: The present study is aimed to analyze various free radicals scavenging by employing in vitro antioxidant assays and to evaluate the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) protecting the ability of CNB-001 against hydroxyl radicals. Materials and methods: The in vitro antioxidant potential of CNB-001 was evaluated by analyzing its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide radicals and reducing power using spectroscopic method. The DNA protecting activity of CNB-001 was also evaluated on pUC19 plasmid DNA subjected to hydroxyl radicals using standard agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: From the assays, it was observed that CNB-001 scavenged free radicals effectively in a dose dependent manner. CNB-001 scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 = 44.99 μg/ml), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (IC50 = 17.99 μg/ml), nitric oxide (IC50 = 1.36 μg/ml), superoxide radical (IC50 = 77.17 μg/ml), hydrogen peroxide (IC50 = 492.7 μg/ml), superoxide (IC50 = 36.92 μg/ml) and hydroxyl (IC50 = 456.5 μg/ml) radicals effectively and the reducing power was found to be 11.53 μg/ml. CNB-001 showed considerable protecting activity against plasmid DNA (pUC19) strand scission by •OH at dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Results from these assays concluded that CNB-001 has a good antioxidant potential by reducing reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen radicals and it showed significant protecting activity against DNA scission by hydroxyl radicals. Hence, CNB-001 can be further developed as potential drug for free radical induced neurodegenerative disorders.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90728789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.129333
Hetal Thakkar, Arpita A Patel, Nirav P Chauhan
Background: Mirtazapine, an antidepressant drug, has absolute bioavailability of only 50% due to high first pass metabolism. Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize mucoadhesive microemulsion containing mirtazapine for intranasal delivery. Materials and Methods: Based on solubility study, Capmul Medium chain Monoglyceride, Tween 80 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 were selected as oil, surfactant and co surfactant respectively. Microemulsions were prepared using water titration method. 3:1% w/w ratio (Tween 80: PEG 400) was selected for formulation development. The prepared microemulsions were optimized for globule size, zeta potential, % transmittance and polydispersity index. The optimized batch was further characterized for % drug content, conductivity and transmission electron microscopy. Results and Conclusion: All the parameters showed the suitability of microemulsion of mirtazapine for intranasal delivery. Chitosan (0.5% w/w) was used as a polymer for the preparation of mucoadhesive microemulsion to enhance the retention time in the nasal mucosa. Results of nasal toxicity study using excised sheep nasal mucosa showed comparatively no damage to epithelium and so formulation was considered safe for nasal administration. mirtazapine mucoadhesive microemulsion showed the highest percentage of diffusion (57.11 ± 0.710%) after 210 min during in-vitro drug diffusion study through sheep nasal mucosa, followed by mirtazapine microemulsion (46.08 ± 0.674%) and finally by mirtazapine solution (17.63 ± 0.612%).
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