20世纪20年代至30年代拉脱维亚俄语儿童和青少年期刊

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.17223/23062061/29/5
E. S. Babkina, Olga V. Proskurova-Timofejeva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文分析了20世纪20年代至30年代在拉脱维亚出版的俄语儿童和青少年期刊。这项研究是基于广泛的档案资料来源,其中许多是首次引入学术论述的材料。1917年十月革命后,拉脱维亚的俄罗斯侨民,由当地土著居民组成,补充了来自俄罗斯帝国的难民。移民潮中很大一部分是儿童。为了防止民族和文化特性、历史记忆和母语的丧失,俄罗斯移民转向为年轻一代出版报纸和杂志。俄罗斯移民儿童期刊以古典儿童新闻的专业原则、类型学和前革命出版物的形式语义特征为基础。20世纪20年代至30年代拉脱维亚俄语儿童和青年期刊的出版物种类繁多:教育机构的手写版和打字版;萨拉曼德拉出版社出版的专业出版社;公众和青年协会、宗教组织的期刊。传递给年轻一代的价值体系的基础是关注保护俄语,这是革命前俄罗斯的文化遗产;一般社会化;教育,培养创新能力;协助解决尖锐的社会问题等。拉脱维亚共和国面向儿童和青年的俄语报纸和杂志是由教师、专业出版商、编辑和记者以及对儿童问题并非漠不关心的宗教、公众和政治人物等非专业人士创办的。创作者的活动有助于这样一个事实,即大多数俄罗斯移民儿童不仅保留了他们属于俄罗斯的意识、俄语、传统、文化价值,而且还成功地融入拉脱维亚社会,成为居住国的正式公民。通过对拉脱维亚俄语儿童和青年期刊的研究,可以得出结论,拉脱维亚俄罗斯移民出版活动的最有利条件是在1934年以前,即议会制共和国存在期间创造的。1934年宣布的强行同化“非拉脱维亚人”的政策严重限制了拉脱维亚少数民族的自治权。在俄语期刊减少的背景下,青少年的阅读圈被迫扩大,因为出版物不是针对儿童的。拉脱维亚于1940年8月加入苏联,结束了流亡者报刊存在的阶段,标志着拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国俄语报刊运作的一个新时期。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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Russian-language children and youth periodicals of Latvia in the 1920s-1930s
The article analyzes Russian-language periodicals for children and youth, published in Latvia in the 1920s-1930s. The study is based on the material of a wide range of archival sources, many of which are first introduced into scholarly discourse. After the October Revolution of 1917, the Russian diaspora of Latvia, which consisted of the indigenous local population, was replenished with refugees from the Russian Empire. A significant part of the emigrant flow were children. In order to prevent the loss of national and cultural identity, of historical memory, and of their native language, Russian emigrants turned to the publication of newspapers and magazines for the younger generation. Children’s periodicals of Russian emigrants were based on the professional principles of classical children’s journalism, typological and formal and semantic features of prerevolutionary publications. Russian-language children and youth periodicals in Latvia in the 1920s-1930s are marked by the diversity of types of publications: handwritten and typewritten editions of educational institutions; professional press published by the Salamandra publishing house; periodicals of public and youth associations, religious organizations. The foundation of the value system transmitted to the younger generation was the focus on preserving the Russian language, the cultural heritage of pre-revolutionary Russia; general socialization; education, developing creative abilities; assistance in solving acute social problems, etc. Russian-language newspapers and magazines for children and youth of the Republic of Latvia were created by teachers, professional publishers, editors and journalists, as well as by non-professionals - religious, public and political figures who were not indifferent to the problems of childhood. The creators’ activities contributed to the fact that the majority of Russian emigrant children not only retained the awareness of their belonging to Russia, the Russian language, traditions, cultural values, but also successfully integrated into the Latvian society, became full citizens of the country of residence. The study of the Russian-language children and youth periodicals of Latvia made it possible to conclude that the most favorable conditions for the publishing activity of Russian emigrants in Latvia were created before 1934, during the existence of a parliamentary republic. The policy of forcible assimilation of “non-Latvians” proclaimed in 1934 significantly limited the autonomy of the national minorities in Latvia. Against the background of the reduction in Russian-language periodicals, the reading circle of young people was forced to expand due to publications that were not aimed at children. The accession of Latvia to the USSR in August 1940 completed the stage of the existence of the emigre press and marked a new period in the functioning of the Russian-language press of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing
Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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