区块链托管的铁路远程状态监测数据访问协议

Rahma A. Alzahrani, Simon J. Herko, J. Easton
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引用次数: 3

摘要

传感器技术、远程认证和高带宽数据网络的进步意味着远程状态监测(RCM)系统现在是铁路基础设施高效运行的重要“物联网”(IoT)资源。然而,这些系统产生的大数据的全部潜力尚未实现。行业内的RCM数据通常在筒仓中收集和使用,跨系统边界开发的可能性有限。2013年,铁路安全与标准委员会(RSSB)代表英国铁路行业建立了一个跨行业研究项目T1010,旨在加强利益相关者之间的合作,实现RCM数据的共享。在T1010输出的基础上,本工作探索了区块链和智能合约在自动化中的使用,以可审计和防篡改的方式,用于铁路RCM数据传输的商业协议。通过消除纸质协议的限制,我们的目标是在共享业务流程中实现创新,并刺激铁路RCM数据市场。利用现有的基于智能合约的方案,在区块链网络上交易和共享物联网数据,我们确定了执行协议的合适方法,并确保在没有可信第三方的情况下,利益相关者之间公平的成本归属。提出了基于区块链的RCM数据审计框架的大纲,详细指定了适当的数据访问协议和会计模型,并分析了三个许可的区块链平台(Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth和Iroha)的实施适用性。最后,本文概述了基于两种工业用例的工具验证计划的未来工作:无人值勤架空线路设备和轴轴承的监控系统。
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Blockchain-hosted Data Access Agreements for Remote Condition Monitoring in Rail
Advances in sensor technologies, remote authentication, and high bandwidth data networks mean that Remote Condition Monitoring (RCM) systems are now an essential 'Internet of Things' (IoT) resource for the efficient operation of railway infrastructure. However, the full potential of the big data generated by these systems has yet to be realized. RCM data within the industry is typically collected and used in silos, with limited possibility of exploitation across system boundaries. In 2013, the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), on behalf of the GB Rail industry, established a cross-industry research program, T1010, which aimed to build stronger cooperation between stakeholders and enable sharing of RCM data. Building on the outputs of T1010, this work explores the use of blockchains and smart contracts in the automation, in an auditable and tamper-proof way, of commercial agreements for RCM data transfers in rail. By removing the limitations of paper-based agreements, we aim to enable innovation in shared business processes and stimulate the market for RCM data in rail. Leveraging existing smart contract-based schemes for trading and sharing IoT data over blockchain networks, we identify suitable methods for the enforcement of agreements, and ensure fair cost attribution between stakeholders, without a Trusted Third Party. The outline of a blockchain-based RCM data audit framework is presented, appropriate data access agreements and accounting models are specified in detail, and three permissioned blockchain platforms (Hyperledger Fabric, Sawtooth, and Iroha) have been analysed for their suitability for implementation. Finally, the paper outlines planned future work around validation of the tools based on two industrial use cases: monitoring systems for unattended overhead line equipment and axle bearings.
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