Susceptibility and resistance pattern of bacterial isolates and development of antibiogram in a tertiary care hospital of western India

The main issue in India and at a global level that led to antibiotic resistance is misuse, irrational prescribing of antibiotics, and lack of sufficient data on antibiotic resistance at a local, regional, and national level to develop antibiotic policy that guides all healthcare professional while prescribing antibiotics. The present study was carried out for 12 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital in western India to develop an antibiogram and to check antimicrobial resistance trends in the hospital. Out of 500 patients, 53.6% were male and 46.4% were female patients. A total of 17 bacterial species were identified throughout the study with gram-negative species infections being most common in hospitals. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated gram-negative species. Ceftriaxone was most prescribed frequently followed by amoxicillin and azithromycin, respectively. In the gram-positive organism, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin resistance rate was 65.35% and 35% respectively. Overall, in the study Cceftriaxone (58%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (38.9%), Azithromycin (56%), and ciprofloxacin (53%) were found most resistant antibiotics, and Amikacin (72%), Clindamycin (18%) were most sensitive. Gram-negative infections were identified mostly and cephalosporine and fluoroquinolones antibiotics were showing high antibiotic resistance. An institutional hospital antibiogram was developed to check local antimicrobial agents for various bacteria.