Simulation and optimization of transfer system for ore terminal with complex waterways

Terminal towing and barging operations play a critical role in cargo transfer within ports, especially in complex waterways. Scheduling of barges and tugs is influenced by various factors, such as speed, and the operation planning must consider the constraints of channel traffic. Additionally, the transfer system involves constructing and operating berths, transshipment equipment, barges, tugboats, and other resources. Effective scheduling and resource planning are crucial for achieving sustainability. To illustrate this point, we analyze the estuary barging process in a real-world case. We utilize the Anylogic platform to simulate the entire process of ore terminal loading, river transportation, and sea transshipment. Furthermore, we employ simulation-based optimization methods to enhance the system’s performance. Our case study has yielded valuable management insights, including: (1) Key variables related to shipping speeds and resource allocation are identified and optimized; (2) A specific tug dispatch rule has been verified to outperform other options in terms of efficiency and emissions; (3) The potential benefits of constructing and enabling an additional terminal have been identified. Our exploration provides quantitative support for decision-making related to vessel scheduling and resource planning in engineering projects for ore terminals.