蜘蛛猛禽足的进化和比较形态学

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.asd.2023.101255
Carolina Caetano , Charles E. Griswold , Peter Michalik , Facundo M. Labarque
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引用次数: 0

摘要

蜘蛛是种类最多的动物之一,它们在捕捉猎物时形成了不同的形态和行为特征。我们使用3D重建建模和其他成像技术研究了罕见和变形的盗蛛足的解剖结构和功能。利用蜘蛛的复合树对猛禽脚(跗骨加前跗骨)进行了进化重建,表明类似的特征在Troglorptoridae、Gradungulinae和Doryonychus猛禽(四颚科)中独立出现了三次。定义强奸足的特征是细长的前侧爪的基部与跗骨前硬化环的复杂结合,前者紧贴跗骨。猛禽的脚甚至在强壮的巨大猛禽身上弯曲,形成一个缩小的跗状捕获篮,在狩猎过程中包裹猎物。我们的研究结果表明,Celaeniini(Araneidae)和Heterogriffus berlandi(Thomisidae),这两个以前与猛禽蜘蛛相比的分类群,缺乏猛禽脚的关键特征和跗骨捕获篮。我们对上述分类群的可能行为进行了预测,这些行为需要通过观察活体标本来进行测试。我们得出的结论是,多种形态的跗骨和跗骨前微结构定义了强奸足的功能单元,并建议在将这种配置分配给任何蜘蛛类群之前进行全面评估。
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Evolution and comparative morphology of raptorial feet in spiders

Spiders are among the most diverse animals, which developed different morphological and behavioral traits for capturing prey. We studied the anatomy and functionality of the rare and apomorphic raptorial spider feet using 3D reconstruction modeling, among other imaging techniques. The evolutionary reconstruction of the raptorial feet (tarsus plus pretarsus) features using a composite tree of spiders, indicating that similar traits emerged three times independently in Trogloraptoridae, Gradungulinae, and Doryonychus raptor (Tetragnathidae). The characteristics defining the raptorial feet are an interlocked complex merging of the base of the elongated prolateral claw with the pretarsal sclerotized ring, with the former clasping against the tarsus. Raptorial feet even flex over robust raptorial macrosetae forming a reduced tarsal version of a catching basket to encase prey during hunting. Our results show that Celaeniini (Araneidae) and Heterogriffus berlandi (Thomisidae), taxa previously compared with raptorial spiders, lack the raptorial feet key characteristics and the tarsal-catching basket. We make predictions about the possible behavior of the abovementioned taxa that will need to be tested by observing living specimens. We conclude that multiple morphological tarsal and pretarsal micro-structures define the raptorial foot functional unit and recommend a comprehensive evaluation before assigning this configuration to any spider taxa.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.
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