Siddhartha Dutta, Shubha Singhal, Rima B Shah, Mainul Haque
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Targeted immunotherapies now include monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR like cetuximab and panitumumab, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors like pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and nivolumab, and PD-L1 inhibitors like atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab. Targeted immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment and small molecule inhibitors are in several clinical trials tried as monotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapy and have shown promising results. Other immunothera-peutic approaches such as cytokines like interferons or interleukins, vaccines, and gene therapy have also been an area of research for the management of OC. However, the cautious selection of appropriate patients with specific immune characteristics as a candidate for immunotherapeutic agents is a crucial component of targeted immunotherapy. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
口腔癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤之一,需要及时诊断和治疗。除了基本的治疗方式外,免疫疗法现在已被用作对抗这种疾病的一种新方法。随着人们对癌细胞逃避机体免疫系统免疫清除的策略的了解,靶向免疫治疗已成为研究的核心领域。表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)、程序性细胞死亡蛋白配体1 (programmed cell death protein ligand-1, PDL-1)等免疫表达在OC中增强,并与免疫系统逃避有关。靶向免疫疗法现在包括靶向EGFR的单克隆抗体,如西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗,程序性细胞死亡-1 (PD-1)抑制剂,如派姆单抗、塞米单抗和纳武单抗,以及PD-L1抑制剂,如阿特唑单抗、阿维单抗和杜伐单抗。靶向免疫疗法,如嵌合抗原受体t细胞治疗和小分子抑制剂,作为单一疗法和辅助免疫疗法进行了几次临床试验,并显示出有希望的结果。其他免疫治疗方法,如干扰素或白细胞介素等细胞因子、疫苗和基因治疗,也已成为卵巢癌治疗的研究领域。然而,谨慎选择具有特定免疫特征的合适患者作为候选免疫治疗剂是靶向免疫治疗的关键组成部分。本文就口腔癌细胞的免疫环境、癌细胞逃避免疫的机制、免疫治疗的靶点、现有的免疫治疗药物以及免疫治疗领域的发展前景作一综述。
Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in the Management of Oral Cancers.
Oral cancers (OCs), being one of the frequent malignancies in the head and neck region, need prompt diagnosis and treatment. Apart from basic therapeutic modalities, immunotherapy has now been utilized as a novel approach to combat the disease. With the comprehension of the strategies adopted by cancer cells to evade the immune elimination by the body's immune system, targeted immunotherapies have now become the core area of research. The immune expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PDL-1), etc., are enhanced in OC and have been associated with evasion of the immune system. Targeted immunotherapies now include monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR like cetuximab and panitumumab, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors like pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and nivolumab, and PD-L1 inhibitors like atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab. Targeted immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment and small molecule inhibitors are in several clinical trials tried as monotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapy and have shown promising results. Other immunothera-peutic approaches such as cytokines like interferons or interleukins, vaccines, and gene therapy have also been an area of research for the management of OC. However, the cautious selection of appropriate patients with specific immune characteristics as a candidate for immunotherapeutic agents is a crucial component of targeted immunotherapy. This article elaborates on the immune contexture of oral cancer cells, the mechanism of immune evasion by cancer cells, targets for immunotherapies, existent immunotherapeutic agents, and prospects in the field of immunotherapy.
期刊介绍:
The journal is dedicated to extensive reviews, minireviews, and special theme issues on topics of current interest in basic and patient-oriented cancer research. The study of systems biology of cancer with its potential for molecular level diagnostics and treatment implies competence across the sciences and an increasing necessity for cancer researchers to understand both the technology and medicine. The journal allows readers to adapt a better understanding of various fields of molecular oncology. We welcome articles on basic biological mechanisms relevant to cancer such as DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor immunology, etc.