产生丁酸的结肠梭菌:挑剔的聚糖利用专家。

IF 5.6 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI:10.1042/EBC20220125
Maria Louise Leth, Michael Jakob Pichler, Maher Abou Hachem
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引用次数: 7

摘要

产生丁酸的人类肠道微生物群成员被认为与健康的免疫稳态和预防炎症性疾病和结直肠癌密切相关。这些作用是由于丁酸盐的作用,丁酸盐是来自毛螺菌科和示波螺菌科的大肠厚壁菌发酵多糖的终端电子汇。值得注意的是,与其他肠道共生体,特别是拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌属相比,我们对产丁酸厚壁菌的聚糖利用机制和偏好的了解仍然非常有限。在这里,我们总结了结肠丁酸盐生产者进化到从主要膳食纤维中获取能量的策略的最新发现,特别是植物结构和储存聚糖,如抗性淀粉、木聚糖和甘露聚糖。除了膳食纤维,我们还意外发现了一种保守的蛋白质装置,该装置使丁酸盐生产者在母乳中所特有的母乳低聚糖(HMOs)上生长。膳食纤维/HMO双重利用机制证明了该群体对婴儿和成人肠道的适应性。这些发现讨论了从母乳到固体食物过渡过程中,产丁酸菌的早期定植和微生物群的成熟。迄今为止,所描述的产丁酸厚壁菌门是聚糖利用专家,依靠协同调节的聚糖利用位点,以高度竞争的方式仅针对少数聚糖。我们描述了这一机制的共同支柱,强调丁酸盐生产者是发现生化和结构新颖的碳水化合物活性酶的来源。
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Butyrate-producing colonic clostridia: picky glycan utilization specialists.

Butyrate-producing human gut microbiota members are recognized for their strong association with a healthy immune-homeostasis and protection from inflammatory disorders and colorectal cancer. These effects are attributed to butyrate, the terminal electron sink of glycan fermentation by prevalent and abundant colonic Firmicutes from the Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae families. Remarkably, our insight into the glycan utilization mechanisms and preferences of butyrogenic Firmicutes remains very limited as compared with other gut symbionts, especially from the Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus genera. Here, we summarize recent findings on the strategies that colonic butyrate producers have evolved to harvest energy from major dietary fibres, especially plant structural and storage glycans, such as resistant starch, xylans, and mannans. Besides dietary fibre, we also present the unexpected discovery of a conserved protein apparatus that confers the growth of butyrate producers on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are unique to mother's milk. The dual dietary fibre/HMO utilization machinery attests the adaptation of this group to both the infant and adult guts. These finding are discussed in relation to the early colonization of butyrogenic bacteria and the maturation of the microbiota during the transition from mother's milk to solid food. To date, the described butyrogenic Firmicutes are glycan utilization specialists that target only a few glycans in a highly competitive manner relying on co-regulated glycan utilization loci. We describe the common pillars of this machinery, highlighting butyrate producers as a source for discovery of biochemically and structurally novel carbohydrate active enzymes.

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来源期刊
Essays in biochemistry
Essays in biochemistry 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
105
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Essays in Biochemistry publishes short, digestible reviews from experts highlighting recent key topics in biochemistry and the molecular biosciences. Written to be accessible for those not yet immersed in the subject, each article is an up-to-date, self-contained summary of the topic. Bridging the gap between the latest research and established textbooks, Essays in Biochemistry will tell you what you need to know to begin exploring the field, as each article includes the top take-home messages as summary points. Each issue of the journal is guest edited by a key opinion leader in the area, and whether you are continuing your studies or moving into a new research area, the Journal gives a complete picture in one place. Essays in Biochemistry is proud to publish Understanding Biochemistry, an essential online resource for post-16 students, teachers and undergraduates. Providing up-to-date overviews of key concepts in biochemistry and the molecular biosciences, the Understanding Biochemistry issues of Essays in Biochemistry are published annually in October.
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