Climate, Oxygen, and the Future of Marine Biodiversity.

IF 14.3 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI:10.1146/annurev-marine-040323-095231
Curtis Deutsch, Justin L Penn, Noelle Lucey
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Abstract

The ocean enabled the diversification of life on Earth by adding O2 to the atmosphere, yet marine species remain most subject to O2 limitation. Human industrialization is intensifying the aerobic challenges to marine ecosystems by depleting the ocean's O2 inventory through the global addition of heat and local addition of nutrients. Historical observations reveal an ∼2% decline in upper-ocean O2 and accelerating reports of coastal mass mortality events. The dynamic balance of O2 supply and demand provides a unifying framework for understanding these phenomena across scales from the global ocean to individual organisms. Using this framework, we synthesize recent advances in forecasting O2 loss and its impacts on marine biogeography, biodiversity, and biogeochemistry. We also highlight three outstanding uncertainties: how long-term global climate change intensifies ocean weather events in which simultaneous heat and hypoxia create metabolic storms, how differential species O2 sensitivities alter the structure of ecological communities, and how global O2 loss intersects with coastal eutrophication. Projecting these interacting impacts on future marine ecosystems requires integration of climate dynamics, biogeochemistry, physiology, and ecology, evaluated with an eye on Earth history. Reducing global and local impacts of warming and O2 loss will be essential if humankind is to preserve the health and biodiversity of the future ocean.

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气候、氧气和海洋生物多样性的未来。
海洋为大气层增加了氧气,使地球上的生命得以多样化,但海洋物种仍然是氧气限制的最大受害者。人类的工业化加剧了海洋生态系统所面临的有氧挑战,通过全球增加热量和局部增加营养物质来消耗海洋的氧气存量。历史观测显示,海洋上层的氧气减少了 2%,沿海大规模死亡事件的报告也在加速。氧气供需的动态平衡为理解从全球海洋到个体生物的这些现象提供了一个统一的框架。利用这一框架,我们综述了在预测氧气流失及其对海洋生物地理学、生物多样性和生物地球化学的影响方面的最新进展。我们还强调了三个突出的不确定性:长期的全球气候变化如何加剧海洋天气事件(在这种天气事件中,高温和缺氧同时产生新陈代谢风暴),不同物种对氧气的敏感性如何改变生态群落的结构,以及全球氧气流失如何与沿岸富营养化交织在一起。要预测这些相互作用对未来海洋生态系统的影响,需要综合考虑气候动力学、生物地球化学、生理学和生态学,并结合地球历史进行评估。如果人类要保护未来海洋的健康和生物多样性,就必须减少气候变暖和氧气流失对全球和地方的影响。
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来源期刊
Annual Review of Marine Science
Annual Review of Marine Science 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
33.60
自引率
0.60%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Marine Science, published since 2009, offers a comprehensive overview of the field. It covers various disciplines, including coastal and blue water oceanography (biological, chemical, geological, and physical), ecology, conservation, and technological advancements related to the marine environment. The journal's transition from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program ensures that all articles are available under a CC BY license, promoting wider accessibility and dissemination of knowledge.
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