FUNCTIONAL-TYPOLOGICAL STUDY OF PARTS OF SPEECH IN FRENCH AND KYRGYZ LANGUAGES

К. Мамбетова
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Abstract

The issues of review-theoretical research of parts of speech in linguistics are considered. The paper discusses the principles of classifying language units based on the subject-substantial, process-significant nature of describing the extra-linguistic human environment, including the grammatical structure of words and their syntactic interaction. It is pointed out that in applying the semantic criterion of classifying parts of speech it is necessary to take into account the nominative function of language and is shown its dual nature, which complicates the identification of words and parts of speech in ways to describe objects, processes and their characteristics. It is noted that the basic parts of speech of the French language have meanings reflecting reality fully, while with additional parts of speech some difficulties arise due to the complex nature of the French word, manifested in a complex of phonemic and lexical-semantic units.
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法语和吉尔吉斯语词性的功能类型学研究
对语言学中词性的评论-理论研究问题进行了探讨。本文根据描述语言外人类环境的主体-实体、过程-显著性,包括词的语法结构及其句法相互作用,讨论了语言单位的分类原则。指出在运用词类分类的语义标准时,必须考虑到语言的主位功能,并指出其双重性,这使词和词类在描述对象、过程及其特征的方式上的识别复杂化。值得注意的是,法语的基本词类具有充分反映现实的意义,而由于法语单词的复杂性质,表现为音位和词汇语义单位的复杂,其他词类出现了一些困难。
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