Beyond CMOS

Abstract

Dimensional and functional scaling11Functional Scaling: Suppose that a system has been realized to execute a specific function in a given, currently available, technology. We say that system has been functionally scaled if the system is realized in an alternate technology such that it performs the identical function as the original system and offers improvements in at least one of size, power, speed, or cost, and does not degrade in any of the other metrics. of CMOS is driving information processing22Information processing refers to the input, transmission, storage, manipulation or processing, and output of data. The scope of the BC Chapter is restricted to data or information manipulation, transmission, and storage. technology into a broadening spectrum of new applications. Scaling has enabled many of these applications through increased performance and complexity. As dimensional scaling of CMOS will eventually approach fundamental limits, several new information processing devices and microarchitectures for both existing and new functions are being explored to extend the historical integrated circuit scaling cadence. This is driving interest in new devices for information processing and memory, new technologies for heterogeneous integration of multiple functions, and new paradigms for system architecture. This chapter, therefore, provides an IRDS perspective on emerging research device technologies and serves as a bridge between conventional CMOS and the realm of nanoelectronics beyond the end of CMOS scaling.