Comparison of the Effects of Cucurbitaceae Seeds Oils and Refined Palm Oil in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Abstract

Palm oil, the most oil consumed in the world, because of its high saturated fatty acid content, is nowadays recognized to enhance Cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). In this study, we sought to propose Cucurbitaceae seeds oils (CSO) as reducing CVD risk and a good source of income. Then, physicochemical parameters, composition and nutritional value of Citrullus lanatus seeds oil (HCL), Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil (HLS), Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil (HCM) were compared to that of Refined palm oil (RPO) and among them. Four diets, conformed to that proposed by AIN-93G but differing to the oil, were formulated by using one of the CSO extracted or RPO. These diets served to feed four homogeneous groups of young rats (six per group) during 45 days. Diets consumption and efficacy were evaluated. Blood sample, collected at the end of the experimentation, were used to measure out heamatological parameters, glyceamia, urea, creatinine, lipids parameters, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminine Transferase, sodium and calicium. Peroxide index and specific gravity were in accordance to the norm. Free fatty acid content of RPO and HLS were in the norm but acid values of the fourth oils were lower than the safe limit for consumption. Grading of most unsaturated fatty acid content was HCL, HCM, RPO and HLS respectively. Plasma parameters, organ weight and the coefficients calculated were not different (p > 0.05) to each other, but according to atherogenicity index, the grading of high inducing cardiovascular disease was HCM, RPO, HCL and HLS respectively. Without no technological treatment CSO compete with RPO. There are possibility that refined CSO reduced CDV than RPO. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil ; Refined palm oil ; Physicochemical parameters ; Composition ; Nutritional value ; Cardiovascular disease risk; Rat Abbreviations CVD: Cardiovascular Disease Risk ; CSO: Cucurbitaceae Seeds Oils; RPO: Refined Palm Oil; HDI: Refined palm oil « Dinor »; HLS: Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil ; HCL: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil; HCM: Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; ASAT: Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALAT: Alanine Aminine Transferase