Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001189
Kohsuke Hayamizu, Yui Kuramochi, A. Sumino, N. Izumo, Megumi Furukawa, M. Nakano
Background & Aims: To clarify the effects of treatment with inositol’s, D-chiro-inositol, myo-inositol, and pinitol, on hormonal and metabolic parameters in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent randomized clinical trials of inositol’s in PCOS. Methods: The systematic review was conducted using data obtained from randomized controlled trials performed to assess the effects of inositol’s compared with placebo (UMIN000025843). The primary outcomes included serum insulin, HOMA index, sex hormones, and ovulation rate. Results: Eight studies involving 577 patients were eligible for systematic review. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, inositol’s may improve fasting insulin (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) −1.06, 95% CI −1.83 to −0.29, p = 0.007), area under the curve (AUC) of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (insulin SMD −0.76, 95% CI −1.20 to −0.32, p = 0.0008; glucose SMD −0.55, 95% CI −0.88 to −0.17, p = 0.004), free testosterone (SMD −1.94, 95% CI −3.28 to −0.61, p = 0.004), sex hormone binding globulin (SMD 1.10, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.82, p = 0.004), and ovulation rate (Risk Ratio 1.42, 95% CI −1.00 to 2.02, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Inositols may be effective for PCOS by improving insulin resistance. Keywords: Inositol, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Systematic review, Meta-analysis
{"title":"Effects of Inositol in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Kohsuke Hayamizu, Yui Kuramochi, A. Sumino, N. Izumo, Megumi Furukawa, M. Nakano","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001189","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: To clarify the effects of treatment with inositol’s, D-chiro-inositol, myo-inositol, and pinitol, on hormonal and metabolic parameters in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent randomized clinical trials of inositol’s in PCOS. Methods: The systematic review was conducted using data obtained from randomized controlled trials performed to assess the effects of inositol’s compared with placebo (UMIN000025843). The primary outcomes included serum insulin, HOMA index, sex hormones, and ovulation rate. Results: Eight studies involving 577 patients were eligible for systematic review. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, inositol’s may improve fasting insulin (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) −1.06, 95% CI −1.83 to −0.29, p = 0.007), area under the curve (AUC) of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (insulin SMD −0.76, 95% CI −1.20 to −0.32, p = 0.0008; glucose SMD −0.55, 95% CI −0.88 to −0.17, p = 0.004), free testosterone (SMD −1.94, 95% CI −3.28 to −0.61, p = 0.004), sex hormone binding globulin (SMD 1.10, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.82, p = 0.004), and ovulation rate (Risk Ratio 1.42, 95% CI −1.00 to 2.02, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Inositols may be effective for PCOS by improving insulin resistance. Keywords: Inositol, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Systematic review, Meta-analysis","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129804403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001188
P. Hall, Kevon Kerr, Annalee Gray Brown, S. Soares-Wynter
Background: High salt intake is the main dietary risk factor for hypertension, one of the five leading causes of death, among Jamaicans. A large share of available pre-packaged products are ultra-processed, containing sodium well in excess of recommended healthy thresholds. Policymakers are advocating for reformulations and devising public education strategies to reduce sodium content which requires an understanding of the amount and variety of sodium compounds being used in products. Procedures: This study describes the sodium content of 5,008 pre-packaged products using food label analysis. Products were divided into 15 foods and 4 beverage categories. Descriptive statistics were used to present sodium data. Additionally, a keyword search for the terms “salt” and “sodium” was done to identify the type and variety of sodium-containing ingredients in each product. Findings: Approximately, 44% of products were high in sodium. In addition to salt (sodium chloride), other sources of sodium included 27 sodiumcontaining chemical additives identified from the ingredient listing. Ready-to-heat/eat foods, animal meat products, dry spices, seasoning, spreads and sauces contained the most sodium per serving. There was high variability in mean sodium levels within and across food and beverage categories. Conclusions: Overall, a large share of pre-packaged products in Jamaica are ultra-processed emphasizing the urgency for product reformulations and policies towards healthier levels of sodium. Keywords: Sodium; Food label; Blood pressure; Hypertension; Packaged foods; Beverages; Jamaica; Sodium reduction; Reformulation; Food policy
{"title":"Sodium Levels in Pre-packaged Foods and Beverages Sold in Jamaica: A Label Analysis","authors":"P. Hall, Kevon Kerr, Annalee Gray Brown, S. Soares-Wynter","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High salt intake is the main dietary risk factor for hypertension, one of the five leading causes of death, among Jamaicans. A large share of available pre-packaged products are ultra-processed, containing sodium well in excess of recommended healthy thresholds. Policymakers are advocating for reformulations and devising public education strategies to reduce sodium content which requires an understanding of the amount and variety of sodium compounds being used in products. Procedures: This study describes the sodium content of 5,008 pre-packaged products using food label analysis. Products were divided into 15 foods and 4 beverage categories. Descriptive statistics were used to present sodium data. Additionally, a keyword search for the terms “salt” and “sodium” was done to identify the type and variety of sodium-containing ingredients in each product. Findings: Approximately, 44% of products were high in sodium. In addition to salt (sodium chloride), other sources of sodium included 27 sodiumcontaining chemical additives identified from the ingredient listing. Ready-to-heat/eat foods, animal meat products, dry spices, seasoning, spreads and sauces contained the most sodium per serving. There was high variability in mean sodium levels within and across food and beverage categories. Conclusions: Overall, a large share of pre-packaged products in Jamaica are ultra-processed emphasizing the urgency for product reformulations and policies towards healthier levels of sodium. Keywords: Sodium; Food label; Blood pressure; Hypertension; Packaged foods; Beverages; Jamaica; Sodium reduction; Reformulation; Food policy","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129045407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001186
Damaris Hunger, C. Wynn, R. Siddiqui
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with limited treatment options available. Some studies have proposed that vitamin D may be associated with Covid-19 infection outcomes. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the evidence currently available from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies regarding the impact of vitamin D used as a preventative or adjunctive therapeutic agent on the disease severity and mortality rate of Covid-19 patients. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest. Sources listed in the citations of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were also evaluated. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected after title, abstract, and article content were reviewed. Five studies, including two RCTs, met inclusion criteria. One RCT did not find significant benefit with vitamin D3 supplementation. The remaining studies, including mostly elderly participants using various vitamin D supplementation forms and doses, reported a reduced need for ICU treatment, faster recovery, decreased severity, and an improved survival rate for Covid-19 patients. An initial loading dose (21,280 IU Calcifediol) and regular supplementation of vitamin D (10,000-60,000 IU/day when ill to monthly doses of 50,000 IU or 80,000-100,000 IU/2-3 months) resulted in the greatest effectiveness. The results of this review suggest that regular vitamin D supplementation may be associated with reduced Covid-19 infection severity and mortality rate. However, more RCTs are needed to provide further robust evidence for more participants of different demographics and give insight into the most appropriate doses, forms, and timeline of vitamin D supplementation for patients with SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Vitamin D3; Calcifediol; Randomized controlled trials; Recovery rate; Survival rate
{"title":"Vitamin D as a Preventive or Therapeutic Nutrient in COVID-19 Infection","authors":"Damaris Hunger, C. Wynn, R. Siddiqui","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001186","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with limited treatment options available. Some studies have proposed that vitamin D may be associated with Covid-19 infection outcomes. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the evidence currently available from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies regarding the impact of vitamin D used as a preventative or adjunctive therapeutic agent on the disease severity and mortality rate of Covid-19 patients. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest. Sources listed in the citations of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were also evaluated. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected after title, abstract, and article content were reviewed. Five studies, including two RCTs, met inclusion criteria. One RCT did not find significant benefit with vitamin D3 supplementation. The remaining studies, including mostly elderly participants using various vitamin D supplementation forms and doses, reported a reduced need for ICU treatment, faster recovery, decreased severity, and an improved survival rate for Covid-19 patients. An initial loading dose (21,280 IU Calcifediol) and regular supplementation of vitamin D (10,000-60,000 IU/day when ill to monthly doses of 50,000 IU or 80,000-100,000 IU/2-3 months) resulted in the greatest effectiveness. The results of this review suggest that regular vitamin D supplementation may be associated with reduced Covid-19 infection severity and mortality rate. However, more RCTs are needed to provide further robust evidence for more participants of different demographics and give insight into the most appropriate doses, forms, and timeline of vitamin D supplementation for patients with SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Vitamin D3; Calcifediol; Randomized controlled trials; Recovery rate; Survival rate","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128969314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001184
Frantzeska Nimee, A. Gioxari, James Steier, M. Skouroliakou
Community pharmacies are an under-utilized setting for the provision of primary and preventative care measures, especially the provision of clinical dietary care. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to study pharmacist-based nutritional counseling in the absence of ready access to primary nutritional care. In the present interventional pilot study, we analyzed the efficacy of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for community pharmacy integration on patient weight management, monitoring, and goal setting over a 4-week period. 57 Greek adult patients (16 males and 41 females) of a community pharmacy in the greater Athens area were enrolled in the intervention and subsequently assigned a hypo- or iso-caloric diet according to baseline anthropometric measurements, total daily energy expenditure, medical history, and drug treatment status as assessed by the CDSS. At the end of the intervention period participant weight (kg) and corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/ m2) calculations were recorded to gauge sample diet and CDSS recommendation efficacy. Among patients who remained diet compliant to study completion, body weight and BMI were significantly decreased in the hypo-caloric diet group compared to baseline (n=13) (mean difference = -2.685 kg, p = 0.004; mean difference = -1.112 kg/m2, p = 0.004, respectively). No significant change in body weight nor BMI from baseline of isocaloric diet compliant patients was registered (n=9) (p=0.273; p=0.320, respectively), succeeding in the purported goal of weight maintenance. This study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a CDSS in assisting pharmacists with nutritional assessment, screening, and sample diet counselling concordant with patient dietary and weight-loss requirements. This trial also builds on emerging research into the broadening purview of traditional pharmacy services in primary care settings.
社区药房在提供初级和预防性保健措施方面，特别是在提供临床饮食保健方面，没有得到充分利用。SARS-CoV-2大流行为在无法获得初级营养保健的情况下研究基于药剂师的营养咨询提供了独特的机会。在本介入性试点研究中，我们分析了临床决策支持系统(CDSS)在社区药房整合患者体重管理、监测和目标设定方面的功效，为期4周。大雅典地区社区药房的57名希腊成年患者(16名男性和41名女性)被纳入干预，随后根据基线人体测量值、每日总能量消耗、病史和CDSS评估的药物治疗状态分配低热量或等热量饮食。在干预期结束时，记录参与者的体重(kg)和相应的身体质量指数(BMI) (kg/ m2)计算，以衡量样本饮食和CDSS推荐的效果。在饮食符合研究完成的患者中，与基线相比，低热量饮食组的体重和BMI显著降低(n=13)(平均差= -2.685 kg, p = 0.004;平均差值= -1.112 kg/m2, p = 0.004)。等热量饮食依从患者的体重和BMI与基线相比没有显著变化(n=9) (p=0.273;P =0.320)，成功实现了体重维持的目标。本研究为CDSS在协助药剂师进行营养评估、筛查和符合患者饮食和减肥要求的样本饮食咨询方面的有效性提供了初步证据。这项试验还建立在新兴研究的基础上，这些研究扩大了初级保健机构中传统药房服务的范围。
{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Community Pharmacists’ Burgeoning Role as Point-Of-Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Integration of Emerging Technologies","authors":"Frantzeska Nimee, A. Gioxari, James Steier, M. Skouroliakou","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001184","url":null,"abstract":"Community pharmacies are an under-utilized setting for the provision of primary and preventative care measures, especially the provision of clinical dietary care. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to study pharmacist-based nutritional counseling in the absence of ready access to primary nutritional care. In the present interventional pilot study, we analyzed the efficacy of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for community pharmacy integration on patient weight management, monitoring, and goal setting over a 4-week period. 57 Greek adult patients (16 males and 41 females) of a community pharmacy in the greater Athens area were enrolled in the intervention and subsequently assigned a hypo- or iso-caloric diet according to baseline anthropometric measurements, total daily energy expenditure, medical history, and drug treatment status as assessed by the CDSS. At the end of the intervention period participant weight (kg) and corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/ m2) calculations were recorded to gauge sample diet and CDSS recommendation efficacy. Among patients who remained diet compliant to study completion, body weight and BMI were significantly decreased in the hypo-caloric diet group compared to baseline (n=13) (mean difference = -2.685 kg, p = 0.004; mean difference = -1.112 kg/m2, p = 0.004, respectively). No significant change in body weight nor BMI from baseline of isocaloric diet compliant patients was registered (n=9) (p=0.273; p=0.320, respectively), succeeding in the purported goal of weight maintenance. This study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a CDSS in assisting pharmacists with nutritional assessment, screening, and sample diet counselling concordant with patient dietary and weight-loss requirements. This trial also builds on emerging research into the broadening purview of traditional pharmacy services in primary care settings.","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133975640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001183
Vincent Asilaza Kinya, Armand Tsapi Tiotsia, Doria Loic Metchehe Djommo, Vanila Audrey Tala Nintidem, Gotlieb Ivan Zachee Ndombol, Zelie Pernelle Sonkeng Momo, Rose Yvana Edjimbi Nnanga, Gautler Arsene Dombou Zeufack, Agbor Nyenty Agbornkwai, Russo Gianluca, Martin Sanou Sobze
Introduction: COVID-19 presents immediate and long-term nutritional challenges. Improving infant and young children feeding (IYCF) at the community level is a key priority for optimizing the survival, growth, and development of children. The study assessed the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the feeding behaviors and practices of children under five in households of the Mifi Health District. Methods: This qualitative study used the non-random sampling technique; data was collected during focus groups (FG) among mothers & fathers, face-to-face individual interviews with Key informants (KI), and In-depth interviews (ID), and document review. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and repeated data was deleted. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Forty-five participants (76% Female; 24% male), 03 FG, and 30 face-to-face individual interviews were conducted (15 KI; 15 ID). Demographically, 82.2% were Christians; 11.1% Muslims and 6.7% traditionalists. Mothers knew that it’s necessary to exclusively breastfeed children up to six months and incorporate complementary foods beyond six months even during COVID19. They however believe that breastfeeding in public places exposes babies to COVID19; complementary foods from markets are a potential source of infection and an infected mother should not breastfeed. Participants mentioned a reduction in the consumption of meat and fruit in households. The spread of rumors led to increased demand for foodstuff. Mothers reported the need to wash their hands and wear face masks before breastfeeding. Equally, a decrease in attendance of vaccination services was noted. Conclusion: Creating breastfeeding rooms in public places and an intensive sensitization on nutrition in the COVID19 context can improve IYCF. Keywords: Infant and young child feeding; Health crisis; COVID-19; Cameroon, Knowledge attitudes practices
{"title":"Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) Knowledge, and the Influence on Infants and Young Children Feeding Behaviors and Practices in the Mifi Health District, West Cameroon: Qualitative Study","authors":"Vincent Asilaza Kinya, Armand Tsapi Tiotsia, Doria Loic Metchehe Djommo, Vanila Audrey Tala Nintidem, Gotlieb Ivan Zachee Ndombol, Zelie Pernelle Sonkeng Momo, Rose Yvana Edjimbi Nnanga, Gautler Arsene Dombou Zeufack, Agbor Nyenty Agbornkwai, Russo Gianluca, Martin Sanou Sobze","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001183","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 presents immediate and long-term nutritional challenges. Improving infant and young children feeding (IYCF) at the community level is a key priority for optimizing the survival, growth, and development of children. The study assessed the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the feeding behaviors and practices of children under five in households of the Mifi Health District. Methods: This qualitative study used the non-random sampling technique; data was collected during focus groups (FG) among mothers & fathers, face-to-face individual interviews with Key informants (KI), and In-depth interviews (ID), and document review. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and repeated data was deleted. A thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Forty-five participants (76% Female; 24% male), 03 FG, and 30 face-to-face individual interviews were conducted (15 KI; 15 ID). Demographically, 82.2% were Christians; 11.1% Muslims and 6.7% traditionalists. Mothers knew that it’s necessary to exclusively breastfeed children up to six months and incorporate complementary foods beyond six months even during COVID19. They however believe that breastfeeding in public places exposes babies to COVID19; complementary foods from markets are a potential source of infection and an infected mother should not breastfeed. Participants mentioned a reduction in the consumption of meat and fruit in households. The spread of rumors led to increased demand for foodstuff. Mothers reported the need to wash their hands and wear face masks before breastfeeding. Equally, a decrease in attendance of vaccination services was noted. Conclusion: Creating breastfeeding rooms in public places and an intensive sensitization on nutrition in the COVID19 context can improve IYCF. Keywords: Infant and young child feeding; Health crisis; COVID-19; Cameroon, Knowledge attitudes practices","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"54 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001182
Arthur Pate de Souza Ferreira, C. Szwarcwald, G. N. Damacena, C. Boccolini, Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior
Background Self-reported height and weight measurement is a simple and a non-invasive method of collecting data in population surveys. However, the inaccuracy of self-reported data may bias the population nutritional status evaluation. The aim of this study is to compare the obesity prevalence estimated with self-reported anthropometric data and with measured weight and height using data from the National Health Survey, Brazil, 2013. Methods A three-stage cluster sampling (census tracts, households, and individuals) with stratification of the primary sampling units and random selection in all stages was used to select Brazilian adults aged 18 years and over. Excluding pregnant women, measurements of weight and height were taken among all selected adults and were also self-reported during the interview on the same day. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the sociodemographic factors and lifestyles associated with the outcome "reported weight and height during the interview”. Obesity prevalence estimates calculated with self-reported and measured weight and height were compared in all variable categories. Results From the sample of 59,402 adults, 70.2% self-reported weight and height. Men were most likely to report their weight (OR = 1.14) and white people when compared to non-white (OR = 0.60). People from the upper socioeconomic class are 6.5 times more likely to report their weight and height during the interview. Healthy habits and medical consultation in the past year were significantly associated with the outcome. Among women, obesity prevalence estimated with self-reported measures (20.5%) was significantly lower than those with measured weight and height (24.4%), with larger differences among women of high socioeconomic status. No significant differences were found among men. Conclusions Given that the body mass index is used as a guide for identifying health risks, these findings indicate that direct measurement of height and weight should be performed whenever possible in Brazilian surveys to adequately support public health policies. Keywords: Health surveys; Nutritional status; Obesity; Self-reported anthropometric measures.
{"title":"Validity of Self-Reported Anthropometric Measures in Estimating Obesity Prevalence in Brazil: Study with Data from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013","authors":"Arthur Pate de Souza Ferreira, C. Szwarcwald, G. N. Damacena, C. Boccolini, Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001182","url":null,"abstract":"Background Self-reported height and weight measurement is a simple and a non-invasive method of collecting data in population surveys. However, the inaccuracy of self-reported data may bias the population nutritional status evaluation. The aim of this study is to compare the obesity prevalence estimated with self-reported anthropometric data and with measured weight and height using data from the National Health Survey, Brazil, 2013. Methods A three-stage cluster sampling (census tracts, households, and individuals) with stratification of the primary sampling units and random selection in all stages was used to select Brazilian adults aged 18 years and over. Excluding pregnant women, measurements of weight and height were taken among all selected adults and were also self-reported during the interview on the same day. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the sociodemographic factors and lifestyles associated with the outcome \"reported weight and height during the interview”. Obesity prevalence estimates calculated with self-reported and measured weight and height were compared in all variable categories. Results From the sample of 59,402 adults, 70.2% self-reported weight and height. Men were most likely to report their weight (OR = 1.14) and white people when compared to non-white (OR = 0.60). People from the upper socioeconomic class are 6.5 times more likely to report their weight and height during the interview. Healthy habits and medical consultation in the past year were significantly associated with the outcome. Among women, obesity prevalence estimated with self-reported measures (20.5%) was significantly lower than those with measured weight and height (24.4%), with larger differences among women of high socioeconomic status. No significant differences were found among men. Conclusions Given that the body mass index is used as a guide for identifying health risks, these findings indicate that direct measurement of height and weight should be performed whenever possible in Brazilian surveys to adequately support public health policies. Keywords: Health surveys; Nutritional status; Obesity; Self-reported anthropometric measures.","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129884560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001181
Shiori Kobuna, Kohsuke Hayamizu
In an intervention study for functional foods, the study population is often a mixed group of healthy individuals and/or those who are not so healthy but are not definitely disease. For such heterogeneous populations, we propose an alternative approach for evaluating the efficacy of dietary supplements and functional foods based on a changepoint regression model (CPRM). The CPRM can be performed without stratified or subgroup analysis. By using profile likelihood methods based on the Akaike information criterion, inferences can made easily using standard statistical software. The proposed method was applied to skeletal muscle ratio study data, and the merit of the proposed method was demonstrated by comparing it with the conventional method. Keywords: Change point regression model Clinical trial; Dietary supplements; AIC
{"title":"A Change Point Regression Model for Treatment Effects Estimation of Functional Foods in a Pre-Post Design","authors":"Shiori Kobuna, Kohsuke Hayamizu","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001181","url":null,"abstract":"In an intervention study for functional foods, the study population is often a mixed group of healthy individuals and/or those who are not so healthy but are not definitely disease. For such heterogeneous populations, we propose an alternative approach for evaluating the efficacy of dietary supplements and functional foods based on a changepoint regression model (CPRM). The CPRM can be performed without stratified or subgroup analysis. By using profile likelihood methods based on the Akaike information criterion, inferences can made easily using standard statistical software. The proposed method was applied to skeletal muscle ratio study data, and the merit of the proposed method was demonstrated by comparing it with the conventional method. Keywords: Change point regression model Clinical trial; Dietary supplements; AIC","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130875753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-10DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001180
Shengwu Yu, Anika Singh, H. Zhang, David D. Kitts
Glucosamine is an amino sugar commonly used to improve joint health. It is often available for consumers as specialized supplements, the matrixes of which are formulated with components that facilitate enhancing functionality of the bioactive glucosamine. The primary objective of this study was to determine the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of a commercial glucosamine sulphate supplement, formulated with a mineral clay mixture. We used a modified a 3-step in vitro digestion procedure that included oral, gastric, and gastrointestinal digestions to assess bioaccessibility. Bioavailability followed using a Caco2 cell permeability test. Glucosamine bioaccessibility was not affected by gastric digestion and only marginally affected by gastrointestinal digestion (e.g., > 90% recovery). Bioavailability was dramatically lower, averaging approximately 15%, but similar for both the glucosamine reference standard and clay mineral mix glucosamine formulated product. Our in vitro bioavailability measurement of glucosamine, corrected for bioaccessibility, agree with values from in vitro rodent models. We conclude that the in vitro 3-step digestion of glucosamine, used to mimic gastrointestinal digestion, followed by the Caco2 permeability assay represents an alternative method to assess digestibility and bioavailability of formulated glucosamine products. Keywords: Glucosamine; Clay Mineral Mix; Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability
{"title":"An in vitro Method to Determine Intestinal Bioavailability of Glucosamine Salt Mixture","authors":"Shengwu Yu, Anika Singh, H. Zhang, David D. Kitts","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001180","url":null,"abstract":"Glucosamine is an amino sugar commonly used to improve joint health. It is often available for consumers as specialized supplements, the matrixes of which are formulated with components that facilitate enhancing functionality of the bioactive glucosamine. The primary objective of this study was to determine the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of a commercial glucosamine sulphate supplement, formulated with a mineral clay mixture. We used a modified a 3-step in vitro digestion procedure that included oral, gastric, and gastrointestinal digestions to assess bioaccessibility. Bioavailability followed using a Caco2 cell permeability test. Glucosamine bioaccessibility was not affected by gastric digestion and only marginally affected by gastrointestinal digestion (e.g., > 90% recovery). Bioavailability was dramatically lower, averaging approximately 15%, but similar for both the glucosamine reference standard and clay mineral mix glucosamine formulated product. Our in vitro bioavailability measurement of glucosamine, corrected for bioaccessibility, agree with values from in vitro rodent models. We conclude that the in vitro 3-step digestion of glucosamine, used to mimic gastrointestinal digestion, followed by the Caco2 permeability assay represents an alternative method to assess digestibility and bioavailability of formulated glucosamine products. Keywords: Glucosamine; Clay Mineral Mix; Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129513814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-19DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001179
Toru Iizuka, Rina Ogata, Jing Yu, Yasuo Watanabe
Aim: Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual plant belonging to the family Umbelliferae, which distributed in Central and Western Europe, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, and other Asian regions. Besides being edible, coriander is an important traditional medicine in India and China, and is used to treat circulatory disorders, such as respiratory, urinary tract, and skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the vasorelaxant effects of extracts from coriander and further studied to clarify their action mechanisms. Method: The aerial part of coriander, which analyzed the rutin content as its quality evaluand using a chromatographic method (HPLC), was cut and extracted with ethyl acetate or hot water. The extracts were concentrated under the reduced pressure. Vasorelaxant effects of these extracts were assessed on rat isolated aorta. The aorta was placed in a well-oxygenated bath of modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and the mechanical tension was measured isometrically. Results: These extracts showed vasorelaxant effects on aorta precontracted with 3×10-7 M norepinephrine (NE). The ethyl acetate extract showed biphasic vasorelaxation (fast and slowly developing relaxations) on isolated rat aortic rings with endothelium. Fast relaxation disappeared in deendothelialized or pre-administration of 10-4 M L-NG-monomethylarginine. Furthermore, the hot water extract showed only slowly developing relaxations independent in endothelium. After treatment with the hot water extract, NE-induced phasic vasoconstriction was not inhibited. While the hot water extract inhibited vasoconstrictions induced by a high concentration (60 mM) of K+ and also showed inhibitory effect on NE-induced vasoconstriction in the presence of nicardipine. Conclusion: These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effect of ethyl acetate extract of coriander on NE-induced vasoconstriction may be attributed to Nitric Oxide (NO) releasing dependent on endothelium. And the hot water extract of coriander showed vasorelaxant activities attributed to blocking of Ca2+ influx via voltage-depended Ca2+ channels (VDCs) and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs), but not competing for the adrenergic receptor. Keywords: Coriandrum sativum; quality evaluation; vasorelaxant effects; aorta; endothelium; Ca2+ channel
目的:芫荽(Coriandrum sativum L.)是伞形科一年生植物，分布于中欧、西欧、印度、孟加拉国、泰国、中国等亚洲地区。除了可食用外，香菜在印度和中国也是一种重要的传统药物，用于治疗循环系统疾病，如呼吸道疾病、尿道疾病和皮肤病。在本研究中，我们研究了香菜提取物的血管松弛作用，并进一步研究其作用机制。方法:将芫荽的地上部分切开，用乙酸乙酯或热水浸提，以测定其芦丁含量作为质量评价指标。提取液在减压下浓缩。在大鼠离体主动脉上评价了这些提取物的血管松弛作用。将主动脉置于含氧良好的改良Krebs-Henseleit溶液中，等距测量机械张力。结果:该提取物对3×10-7 M去甲肾上腺素(NE)预收缩的主动脉有血管松弛作用。乙酸乙酯提取物对带内皮的离体大鼠主动脉环表现出快速和缓慢弛豫的双相性。去内皮化或预给药10-4 M l - ng -单甲基精氨酸后快速松弛消失。此外，热水提取物仅表现出独立于内皮细胞的缓慢松弛。经热水浸膏处理后，ne诱导的相性血管收缩不受抑制。热水提取物对高浓度(60 mM) K+诱导的血管收缩有抑制作用，对尼卡地平存在时ne诱导的血管收缩也有抑制作用。结论:芫荽乙酸乙酯提取物对ne诱导的血管收缩的血管松弛作用可能与一氧化氮(NO)依赖内皮细胞释放有关。香菜热水提取物显示出血管松弛活性，这归因于通过电压依赖性Ca2+通道(vdc)和受体操作的Ca2+通道(ROCs)阻断Ca2+内流，但不竞争肾上腺素能受体。关键词:芫荽;质量评价;vasorelaxant效果;主动脉;内皮;钙离子通道
{"title":"Vasorelaxant Effects of Coriandrum SativumL. Extract on Rat Isolated Aorta","authors":"Toru Iizuka, Rina Ogata, Jing Yu, Yasuo Watanabe","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001179","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual plant belonging to the family Umbelliferae, which distributed in Central and Western Europe, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, and other Asian regions. Besides being edible, coriander is an important traditional medicine in India and China, and is used to treat circulatory disorders, such as respiratory, urinary tract, and skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the vasorelaxant effects of extracts from coriander and further studied to clarify their action mechanisms. Method: The aerial part of coriander, which analyzed the rutin content as its quality evaluand using a chromatographic method (HPLC), was cut and extracted with ethyl acetate or hot water. The extracts were concentrated under the reduced pressure. Vasorelaxant effects of these extracts were assessed on rat isolated aorta. The aorta was placed in a well-oxygenated bath of modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and the mechanical tension was measured isometrically. Results: These extracts showed vasorelaxant effects on aorta precontracted with 3×10-7 M norepinephrine (NE). The ethyl acetate extract showed biphasic vasorelaxation (fast and slowly developing relaxations) on isolated rat aortic rings with endothelium. Fast relaxation disappeared in deendothelialized or pre-administration of 10-4 M L-NG-monomethylarginine. Furthermore, the hot water extract showed only slowly developing relaxations independent in endothelium. After treatment with the hot water extract, NE-induced phasic vasoconstriction was not inhibited. While the hot water extract inhibited vasoconstrictions induced by a high concentration (60 mM) of K+ and also showed inhibitory effect on NE-induced vasoconstriction in the presence of nicardipine. Conclusion: These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effect of ethyl acetate extract of coriander on NE-induced vasoconstriction may be attributed to Nitric Oxide (NO) releasing dependent on endothelium. And the hot water extract of coriander showed vasorelaxant activities attributed to blocking of Ca2+ influx via voltage-depended Ca2+ channels (VDCs) and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs), but not competing for the adrenergic receptor. Keywords: Coriandrum sativum; quality evaluation; vasorelaxant effects; aorta; endothelium; Ca2+ channel","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115491574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001178
A. Tsantsaridou, Olga Tsantsaridou, Maria Asprogianni, S. Potamianos, K. Spiliopoulos, N. Tsilimingas, I. Skoularigis, S. Kalantaridou, G. Valsamakis
The implantation procedure involves a “biofilmic” mechanism of organism protection against threat. Immune-inflammatory procedures expressed by nutritional, molecular and biochemical factors related to homeostasis ensure successful incorporation of blastocyst in the uterine ecology. The feeding chain of the host mother, the embryo and their microbiota modifies the human intrinsic environment, hormone levels, fetal characteristics and growth. This study was conducted to provide information about the effects of diet on implantation quality in an attempt to therapeutically synchronize the development of blastocyst within the nourishing mothers. The issue is generalized to all “windows of alien implantations”. The formation of life (: fertilization) and its development is a consequence of biochemical reactions (: mitochondrial cycle, replication, regeneration, oxidation, apoptosis, etc.). Homeostasis is called the body’s ability to keep its internal ecosystem stable despite exo orendogenous changes. The whole process involves energy consumption, operative coordination of various organs, especially between the nervous and endocrine systems. Instability of homeostasispredisposesto“miscarriages”. Key elements that enhance acid-base equilibrium, oxygen demands and indirectly implantation success are proteins, trace minerals, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, enzymes, fruit and vegetable phytonutrients, probiotics. Restriction of processed or foods polluted with endocrine disrupting chemicals and microbes, sugar, saturated and trans fatty acids prevents genetic deterioration, ageing and troublesome implantations. Balanced diet, digestion and hormone-dependent metabolism identifies the efficiency of our reproductive system and homeostatic implantation procedure. Key words: Implantation; Nutrition; Diet; Microbiota; Oxidative Stress; Inflammation;Immunity.
{"title":"Nutritional Impact on Embryo Implantation. Review of the Literature","authors":"A. Tsantsaridou, Olga Tsantsaridou, Maria Asprogianni, S. Potamianos, K. Spiliopoulos, N. Tsilimingas, I. Skoularigis, S. Kalantaridou, G. Valsamakis","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001178","url":null,"abstract":"The implantation procedure involves a “biofilmic” mechanism of organism protection against threat. Immune-inflammatory procedures expressed by nutritional, molecular and biochemical factors related to homeostasis ensure successful incorporation of blastocyst in the uterine ecology. The feeding chain of the host mother, the embryo and their microbiota modifies the human intrinsic environment, hormone levels, fetal characteristics and growth. This study was conducted to provide information about the effects of diet on implantation quality in an attempt to therapeutically synchronize the development of blastocyst within the nourishing mothers. The issue is generalized to all “windows of alien implantations”. The formation of life (: fertilization) and its development is a consequence of biochemical reactions (: mitochondrial cycle, replication, regeneration, oxidation, apoptosis, etc.). Homeostasis is called the body’s ability to keep its internal ecosystem stable despite exo orendogenous changes. The whole process involves energy consumption, operative coordination of various organs, especially between the nervous and endocrine systems. Instability of homeostasispredisposesto“miscarriages”. Key elements that enhance acid-base equilibrium, oxygen demands and indirectly implantation success are proteins, trace minerals, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, enzymes, fruit and vegetable phytonutrients, probiotics. Restriction of processed or foods polluted with endocrine disrupting chemicals and microbes, sugar, saturated and trans fatty acids prevents genetic deterioration, ageing and troublesome implantations. Balanced diet, digestion and hormone-dependent metabolism identifies the efficiency of our reproductive system and homeostatic implantation procedure. Key words: Implantation; Nutrition; Diet; Microbiota; Oxidative Stress; Inflammation;Immunity.","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115320353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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