Quantum key agreement via non-maximally entangled Bell states

Abstract

In this paper, we propose one new quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol using non-maximally entangled Bell states with positive operator-valued measurement (POVM). It is designed for multi-party QKA by non-maximally entangled Bell states with POVM. Since Bell states and single particle can be obtained by various physical systems, thus, our protocol is feasible based on the current technology. It is secure against the outsider and participant attack. Further, it is shown that the shared key is decided by all participants. Therefore, it could guarantee the security and fairness.