Magnetic levitation of nanoscale materials: the critical role of effective density

Ali Akbar Ashkarran, Morteza Mahmoudi
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Abstract

Abstract The magnetic levitation (MagLev) of diamagnetic materials in a paramagnetic solution is a robust technique for the density-based separation, measurements, and analysis of bulk materials/objects (e.g., beads and plastics). There is a debate in the literature, however, about whether a MagLev technique is reliable for the separation and/or density measurements of nanoscale objects. Here, we show that MagLev can levitate nanoparticles; however, the transition from the bulk to an ‘effective’ density must be acknowledged and considered in density measurements at the nanoscale regime. We performed a proof-of-concept study on MagLev’s capability in measuring the ‘effective density’ of multiscale silver particles (i.e. microparticles, nanopowder, and nanoemulsion). In addition, we probed the effective density of nanoscale biomolecules (e.g. lipoproteins) using a standard MagLev system. Our findings reveal that the MagLev technique has the capability to measure both bulk density (which is independent of the size and dimension of the material) and the effective density (which takes place at the nanoscale regime and is dependent on the size and surrounding paramagnetic solution) of the levitated objects.
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纳米级材料的磁悬浮:有效密度的关键作用
顺磁性溶液中抗磁性材料的磁悬浮(MagLev)是一种基于密度的散装材料/物体(如珠子和塑料)分离、测量和分析的强大技术。然而,关于磁浮技术是否可靠用于纳米级物体的分离和/或密度测量,文献中存在争议。在这里,我们展示了磁悬浮可以悬浮纳米粒子;然而,从体密度到“有效”密度的转变必须在纳米尺度下的密度测量中得到承认和考虑。我们对MagLev在测量多尺度银粒子(即微粒子、纳米粉末和纳米乳液)的“有效密度”方面的能力进行了概念验证研究。此外,我们使用标准磁悬浮系统探测了纳米级生物分子(如脂蛋白)的有效密度。我们的研究结果表明,磁悬浮技术能够测量悬浮物体的体积密度(与材料的大小和尺寸无关)和有效密度(发生在纳米尺度下,取决于物体的大小和周围的顺磁溶液)。
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