Abstract The sensing performance of N-polar GaN/InAlN MOS-HEMT biosensors for neutral biomolecules was investigated and compared with the Ga-polar MOS-HEMT and N-polar T-gate HEMT by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the N-polar GaN/InAlN MOS-HEMT biosensor has higher sensing sensitivity than the Ga-polar MOS-HEMT and N-polar T-gate HEMT biosensors. Furtherly, to improve the sensing performance of N-polar MOS-HEMT, the influence of cavity dimensions, GaN channel layer thickness, and InAlN back barrier layer thickness on device performance was investigated. It is demonstrated that the sensitivity of the biosensor increases as the cavity height decreases and the cavity length increases. Therefore, the sensing performance of the N-polar MOS-HEMT device will be enhanced by thinning the GaN channel layer thickness or increasing the InAlN back barrier thickness, which can be mainly attributed to the variation of the energy band structure and 2DEG concentration in the HEMT heterostructure. Finally, the highest sensitivity can be obtained for the N-polar MOS-HEMT with 6-nm-thick GaN channel layer, 30-nm-thick InAlN back barrier layer, and two 0.9-μm-long and 5-nm-high cavities. This work provides structural optimal design guidance for the N-polar HEMT biosensor.
{"title":"The study of N-polar GaN/InAlN MOS-HEMT and T-gate HEMT biosensors","authors":"Yue Liu, Yuzhen Ma, Haiqiu Guo, Su Fu, Yuhui Liu, Guangfen Wei, Yanli Liu, Yaming Hao, Dunjun Chen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0c7b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0c7b","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The sensing performance of N-polar GaN/InAlN MOS-HEMT biosensors for neutral biomolecules was investigated and compared with the Ga-polar MOS-HEMT and N-polar T-gate HEMT by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the N-polar GaN/InAlN MOS-HEMT biosensor has higher sensing sensitivity than the Ga-polar MOS-HEMT and N-polar T-gate HEMT biosensors. Furtherly, to improve the sensing performance of N-polar MOS-HEMT, the influence of cavity dimensions, GaN channel layer thickness, and InAlN back barrier layer thickness on device performance was investigated. It is demonstrated that the sensitivity of the biosensor increases as the cavity height decreases and the cavity length increases. Therefore, the sensing performance of the N-polar MOS-HEMT device will be enhanced by thinning the GaN channel layer thickness or increasing the InAlN back barrier thickness, which can be mainly attributed to the variation of the energy band structure and 2DEG concentration in the HEMT heterostructure. Finally, the highest sensitivity can be obtained for the N-polar MOS-HEMT with 6-nm-thick GaN channel layer, 30-nm-thick InAlN back barrier layer, and two 0.9-μm-long and 5-nm-high cavities. This work provides structural optimal design guidance for the N-polar HEMT biosensor.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"22 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad0988
Xinhua Zhang, Min Suk Cha
Ammonia (NH3) is a promising hydrogen carrier that effectively connects producers of blue hydrogen with consumers, giving rapid conversion of ammonia to hydrogen a critical role in utilizing hydrogen at the endpoints of application in an ammonia-hydrogen economy. Because conventional thermal cracking of NH3 is an energy intensive process, requiring a relatively longer cold start duration, plasma technology is being considered as an assisting tool—or an alternative. Here we detail how an NH3 cracking process, using a microwave plasma jet (MWPJ) under atmospheric pressure, was governed by thermal decomposition reactions. We found that a delivered MW energy density (ED) captured the conversion of NH3 well, showing a full conversion for ED > 6 kJ l−1 with 0.5-% v/v NH3 in an argon flow. The hydrogen production rate displayed a linear increase with MW power and the NH3 content, being almost independent of a total flow rate. A simplified one-dimensional numerical model, adopting a thermal NH3 decomposition mechanism, predicted the experimental data well, indicating the importance of thermal decomposition in the plasma chemistry. We believe that such a prompt thermal reaction, caused by MW plasma, will facilitate a mobile and/or non-steady application. A process combined with the conventional catalytic method should also effectively solve a cold start issue.
{"title":"Ammonia Cracking for Hydrogen Production using a Microwave Argon Plasma Jet","authors":"Xinhua Zhang, Min Suk Cha","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0988","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia (NH3) is a promising hydrogen carrier that effectively connects producers of blue hydrogen with consumers, giving rapid conversion of ammonia to hydrogen a critical role in utilizing hydrogen at the endpoints of application in an ammonia-hydrogen economy. Because conventional thermal cracking of NH3 is an energy intensive process, requiring a relatively longer cold start duration, plasma technology is being considered as an assisting tool—or an alternative. Here we detail how an NH3 cracking process, using a microwave plasma jet (MWPJ) under atmospheric pressure, was governed by thermal decomposition reactions. We found that a delivered MW energy density (ED) captured the conversion of NH3 well, showing a full conversion for ED > 6 kJ l−1 with 0.5-% v/v NH3 in an argon flow. The hydrogen production rate displayed a linear increase with MW power and the NH3 content, being almost independent of a total flow rate. A simplified one-dimensional numerical model, adopting a thermal NH3 decomposition mechanism, predicted the experimental data well, indicating the importance of thermal decomposition in the plasma chemistry. We believe that such a prompt thermal reaction, caused by MW plasma, will facilitate a mobile and/or non-steady application. A process combined with the conventional catalytic method should also effectively solve a cold start issue.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"58 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Flexible displays have developed rapidly in recent years, low-temperature process to produce high performance amorphous oxide semiconductor devices are significant for the wide application of low-cost flexible display. In this work, praseodymium-doped indium zinc oxide semiconductor deposited by vacuum sputtering was irradiated with UV light before low-temperature thermal annealing. The treated semiconductor retains its characteristics of amorphous and high transparency to visible light. The carrier concentration and oxygen-related defects of the PrIZO films were significant changed under the superposition of UV irradiation and thermal annealing, the effects of UV light and thermal annealing can be well superimposed. The PrIZO-TFT that have been thermally annealed at 200 ℃ for 1h after irradiated by UV light with power density of 175 mW/cm2 for 1800 s exhibit an optimal performance (μsat of 12.34 cm2/V·s, Ion /Ioff of 3.8×108, Vth of 0.7 V, SS of 0.15 V/decade) and stability. The device performance broadens the application prospect of AOS TFT in low-cost flexible display. 
{"title":"UV irradiation assisted low-temperature process for thin film transistor performance improvement of praseodymium-doped indium zinc oxide","authors":"ZHANG KANG PING, Rihui Yao, Xiao Fu, Wei Cai, Yilin Li, Wei Xu, Zhenyu Wu, Cheng Luo, Honglong Ning, Jun-Biao Peng","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0c06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0c06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Flexible displays have developed rapidly in recent years, low-temperature process to produce high performance amorphous oxide semiconductor devices are significant for the wide application of low-cost flexible display. In this work, praseodymium-doped indium zinc oxide semiconductor deposited by vacuum sputtering was irradiated with UV light before low-temperature thermal annealing. The treated semiconductor retains its characteristics of amorphous and high transparency to visible light. The carrier concentration and oxygen-related defects of the PrIZO films were significant changed under the superposition of UV irradiation and thermal annealing, the effects of UV light and thermal annealing can be well superimposed. The PrIZO-TFT that have been thermally annealed at 200 ℃ for 1h after irradiated by UV light with power density of 175 mW/cm2 for 1800 s exhibit an optimal performance (μsat of 12.34 cm2/V·s, Ion /Ioff of 3.8×108, Vth of 0.7 V, SS of 0.15 V/decade) and stability. The device performance broadens the application prospect of AOS TFT in low-cost flexible display. 
","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"58 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad090d
Ali Akbar Ashkarran, Morteza Mahmoudi
Abstract The magnetic levitation (MagLev) of diamagnetic materials in a paramagnetic solution is a robust technique for the density-based separation, measurements, and analysis of bulk materials/objects (e.g., beads and plastics). There is a debate in the literature, however, about whether a MagLev technique is reliable for the separation and/or density measurements of nanoscale objects. Here, we show that MagLev can levitate nanoparticles; however, the transition from the bulk to an ‘effective’ density must be acknowledged and considered in density measurements at the nanoscale regime. We performed a proof-of-concept study on MagLev’s capability in measuring the ‘effective density’ of multiscale silver particles (i.e. microparticles, nanopowder, and nanoemulsion). In addition, we probed the effective density of nanoscale biomolecules (e.g. lipoproteins) using a standard MagLev system. Our findings reveal that the MagLev technique has the capability to measure both bulk density (which is independent of the size and dimension of the material) and the effective density (which takes place at the nanoscale regime and is dependent on the size and surrounding paramagnetic solution) of the levitated objects.
{"title":"Magnetic levitation of nanoscale materials: the critical role of effective density","authors":"Ali Akbar Ashkarran, Morteza Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad090d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad090d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The magnetic levitation (MagLev) of diamagnetic materials in a paramagnetic solution is a robust technique for the density-based separation, measurements, and analysis of bulk materials/objects (e.g., beads and plastics). There is a debate in the literature, however, about whether a MagLev technique is reliable for the separation and/or density measurements of nanoscale objects. Here, we show that MagLev can levitate nanoparticles; however, the transition from the bulk to an ‘effective’ density must be acknowledged and considered in density measurements at the nanoscale regime. We performed a proof-of-concept study on MagLev’s capability in measuring the ‘effective density’ of multiscale silver particles (i.e. microparticles, nanopowder, and nanoemulsion). In addition, we probed the effective density of nanoscale biomolecules (e.g. lipoproteins) using a standard MagLev system. Our findings reveal that the MagLev technique has the capability to measure both bulk density (which is independent of the size and dimension of the material) and the effective density (which takes place at the nanoscale regime and is dependent on the size and surrounding paramagnetic solution) of the levitated objects.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"58 32","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad0568
Guru Venkat, Dan A Allwood, Thomas James Hayward
Abstract Domain walls (DWs) in magnetic nanowires are promising candidates for a variety of applications including Boolean/unconventional logic, memories, in-memory computing as well as magnetic sensors and biomagnetic implementations. They show rich physical behaviour and are controllable using a number of methods including magnetic fields, charge and spin currents and spin-orbit torques. In this review, we detail types of DWs in ferromagnetic nanowires and describe processes of manipulating their state. We look at the state of the art of DW applications and give our take on the their current status, technological feasibility and challenges.
{"title":"Magnetic domain walls : Types, processes and applications","authors":"Guru Venkat, Dan A Allwood, Thomas James Hayward","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Domain walls (DWs) in magnetic nanowires are promising candidates for a variety of applications including Boolean/unconventional logic, memories, in-memory computing as well as magnetic sensors and biomagnetic implementations. They show rich physical behaviour and are controllable using a number of methods including magnetic fields, charge and spin currents and spin-orbit torques. In this review, we detail types of DWs in ferromagnetic nanowires and describe processes of manipulating their state. We look at the state of the art of DW applications and give our take on the their current status, technological feasibility and challenges.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"72 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The advent of data-driven/machine-learning based methods and the increase in data available from high-fidelity simulations and experiments has opened new pathways toward realizing reduced-order models for plasma systems that can aid in explaining the complex, multi-dimensional phenomena and enable forecasting and prediction of the systems’ behavior. In this two-part article, we evaluate the utility and the generalizability of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm for data-driven analysis and reduced-order modeling of plasma dynamics in cross-field E × B configurations. The DMD algorithm is an interpretable data-driven method that finds a best-fit linear model describing the time evolution of spatiotemporally coherent structures (patterns) in data. We have applied the DMD to extensive high-fidelity datasets generated using a particle-in-cell (PIC) code based on the cost-efficient reduced-order PIC scheme. In this part, we first provide an overview of the concept of DMD and its underpinning proper orthogonal and singular value decomposition methods. Two of the main DMD variants are next introduced. We then present and discuss the results of the DMD application in terms of the identification and extraction of the dominant spatiotemporal modes from high-fidelity data over a range of simulation conditions. We demonstrate that the DMD variant based on variable projection optimization (OPT-DMD) outperforms the basic DMD method in identification of the modes underlying the data, leading to notably more reliable reconstruction of the ground-truth. Furthermore, we show in multiple test cases that the discrete frequency spectrum of OPT-DMD-extracted modes is consistent with the temporal spectrum from the fast Fourier transform of the data. This observation implies that the OPT-DMD augments the conventional spectral analyses by being able to uniquely reveal the spatial structure of the dominant modes in the frequency spectra, thus, yielding more accessible, comprehensive information on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the plasma phenomena.
{"title":"Dynamic Mode Decomposition for data-driven analysis and reduced-order modelling of E×B plasmas: I. Extraction of spatiotemporally coherent patterns","authors":"Farbod Faraji, Maryam Reza, Aaron Knoll, J Nathan Kutz","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0910","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The advent of data-driven/machine-learning based methods and the increase in data available from high-fidelity simulations and experiments has opened new pathways toward realizing reduced-order models for plasma systems that can aid in explaining the complex, multi-dimensional phenomena and enable forecasting and prediction of the systems’ behavior. In this two-part article, we evaluate the utility and the generalizability of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm for data-driven analysis and reduced-order modeling of plasma dynamics in cross-field E × B configurations. The DMD algorithm is an interpretable data-driven method that finds a best-fit linear model describing the time evolution of spatiotemporally coherent structures (patterns) in data. We have applied the DMD to extensive high-fidelity datasets generated using a particle-in-cell (PIC) code based on the cost-efficient reduced-order PIC scheme. In this part, we first provide an overview of the concept of DMD and its underpinning proper orthogonal and singular value decomposition methods. Two of the main DMD variants are next introduced. We then present and discuss the results of the DMD application in terms of the identification and extraction of the dominant spatiotemporal modes from high-fidelity data over a range of simulation conditions. We demonstrate that the DMD variant based on variable projection optimization (OPT-DMD) outperforms the basic DMD method in identification of the modes underlying the data, leading to notably more reliable reconstruction of the ground-truth. Furthermore, we show in multiple test cases that the discrete frequency spectrum of OPT-DMD-extracted modes is consistent with the temporal spectrum from the fast Fourier transform of the data. This observation implies that the OPT-DMD augments the conventional spectral analyses by being able to uniquely reveal the spatial structure of the dominant modes in the frequency spectra, thus, yielding more accessible, comprehensive information on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the plasma phenomena.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In part I of the article, we demonstrated that a variant of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm based on variable projection optimization, called optimized DMD (OPT-DMD), enables a robust identification of the dominant spatiotemporally coherent modes underlying the data across various test cases representing different physical parameters in an E × B simulation configuration. We emphasized that the OPT-DMD significantly improves the analysis of complex plasma processes, revealing information that cannot be derived using conventionally employed analyses such as the fast Fourier transform. As the OPT-DMD can be constrained to produce stable reduced-order models (ROMs) by construction, in this paper, we extend the application of the OPT-DMD and investigate the capabilities of the linear ROM from this algorithm toward forecasting in time of the plasma dynamics in configurations representative of the radial-azimuthal and axial-azimuthal cross-sections of a Hall thruster and over a range of simulation parameters in each test case. The predictive capacity of the OPT-DMD ROM is assessed primarily in terms of short-term dynamics forecast or, in other words, for large ratios of training-to-test data. However, the utility of the ROM for long-term dynamics forecasting is also presented for an example case in the radial-azimuthal configuration. The model’s predictive performance is heterogeneous across various test cases. Nonetheless, a remarkable predictiveness is observed in the test cases that do not exhibit highly transient behaviors. Moreover, in all investigated cases, the error between the ground-truth and the reconstructed data from the OPT-DMD ROM remains bounded over time within both the training and the test window. As a result, despite its limitation in terms of generalized applicability to all plasma conditions, the OPT-DMD is proven as a reliable method to develop low computational cost and highly predictive data-driven ROMs in systems with a quasi-periodic global evolution of the plasma state.
{"title":"Dynamic Mode Decomposition for data-driven analysis and reduced-order modelling of E×B plasmas: II. dynamics forecasting","authors":"Farbod Faraji, Maryam Reza, Aaron Knoll, J Nathan Kutz","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0911","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In part I of the article, we demonstrated that a variant of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm based on variable projection optimization, called optimized DMD (OPT-DMD), enables a robust identification of the dominant spatiotemporally coherent modes underlying the data across various test cases representing different physical parameters in an E × B simulation configuration. We emphasized that the OPT-DMD significantly improves the analysis of complex plasma processes, revealing information that cannot be derived using conventionally employed analyses such as the fast Fourier transform. As the OPT-DMD can be constrained to produce stable reduced-order models (ROMs) by construction, in this paper, we extend the application of the OPT-DMD and investigate the capabilities of the linear ROM from this algorithm toward forecasting in time of the plasma dynamics in configurations representative of the radial-azimuthal and axial-azimuthal cross-sections of a Hall thruster and over a range of simulation parameters in each test case. The predictive capacity of the OPT-DMD ROM is assessed primarily in terms of short-term dynamics forecast or, in other words, for large ratios of training-to-test data. However, the utility of the ROM for long-term dynamics forecasting is also presented for an example case in the radial-azimuthal configuration. The model’s predictive performance is heterogeneous across various test cases. Nonetheless, a remarkable predictiveness is observed in the test cases that do not exhibit highly transient behaviors. Moreover, in all investigated cases, the error between the ground-truth and the reconstructed data from the OPT-DMD ROM remains bounded over time within both the training and the test window. As a result, despite its limitation in terms of generalized applicability to all plasma conditions, the OPT-DMD is proven as a reliable method to develop low computational cost and highly predictive data-driven ROMs in systems with a quasi-periodic global evolution of the plasma state.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"65 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad0bc3
Tong Wei, Hongwei Wang, Jintao Su
Abstract In order to improve the performance of the sonar system, a stepped broadband high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer is developed. Through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, the feasibility of expanding the operating bandwidth and improving the sensitivity of the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material sensitive element is analyzed, and the dimensional parameters of this sensitive element are optimized. Compared with the traditional composite material, the sensitive element has excellent piezoelectric performance, with broadband and high sensitivity properties. The monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer and the same size stepped composite transducer were prepared, and their hydroacoustic performance was tested. The test results show that the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer has far superior sensitivity performance than the same size stepped composite transducer and also has broadband performance. The peak transmits voltage response of the monometallic plate stepped transducer is 166dB, and the -3dB bandwidth reaches 60kHz; the peak receives sensitivity is -183dB, and the -3dB bandwidth reaches 55kHz, which can effectively improve the performance of the sonar system.
{"title":"Design, analysis and testing of monometallic plate stepped broadband high sensitivity transducer","authors":"Tong Wei, Hongwei Wang, Jintao Su","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0bc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0bc3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to improve the performance of the sonar system, a stepped broadband high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer is developed. Through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, the feasibility of expanding the operating bandwidth and improving the sensitivity of the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material sensitive element is analyzed, and the dimensional parameters of this sensitive element are optimized. Compared with the traditional composite material, the sensitive element has excellent piezoelectric performance, with broadband and high sensitivity properties. The monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer and the same size stepped composite transducer were prepared, and their hydroacoustic performance was tested. The test results show that the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer has far superior sensitivity performance than the same size stepped composite transducer and also has broadband performance. The peak transmits voltage response of the monometallic plate stepped transducer is 166dB, and the -3dB bandwidth reaches 60kHz; the peak receives sensitivity is -183dB, and the -3dB bandwidth reaches 55kHz, which can effectively improve the performance of the sonar system.
","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"27 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ruthenium (Ru) doped antimony tungstate microflower (ATMF), prepared through hydrothermal pro-
cess, have been investigated for simultaneous adsorption and photocatalysis. The pattern of evolution of
microflower structures however can be tailored by the synthesis period. This change is observed from the
field effect scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. A
possible mechanism behind this morphological change has been developed. An argument based on zeta po-
tential may be responsible for this distinct morphology due to the strong electrostatic interactions. The
variation of a particular X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak corresponding to the plane {012} with variation of Ru
doping percentage shows the decrease in crystallinity along the perpendicular direction to this plane. Besides,
the optimum Ru doping percentage is evaluated on the basis of photocatalytic efficiency towards methylene
blue (MB) degradation under the visible light. The highest dye removal efficiency is observed for 2% Ru
doped Sb 2 WO 6 (SWO) adsorbing 97% of the MB dye followed by photocatalytic degrading almost 64% of
the remaining dye in 80 minutes. Further, using different dyes, it is concluded that Ru-SWO showcases high
adsorption towards the cationic dyes while it neither adsorbs the anionic dye nor displays photocatalytic
degradation.
{"title":"Rapid adsorption and simultaneous photocatalytic effect of Ru doped flowerlike antimony tungstate","authors":"Devdas Karmakar, Sumana Paul, Sujoy Mandal, Alapan Pal, Pabitra Kr Paul, SUBRATA PRAMANIK, Debnarayan Jana","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0bc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0bc2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ruthenium (Ru) doped antimony tungstate microflower (ATMF), prepared through hydrothermal pro-
cess, have been investigated for simultaneous adsorption and photocatalysis. The pattern of evolution of
microflower structures however can be tailored by the synthesis period. This change is observed from the
field effect scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. A
possible mechanism behind this morphological change has been developed. An argument based on zeta po-
tential may be responsible for this distinct morphology due to the strong electrostatic interactions. The
variation of a particular X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak corresponding to the plane {012} with variation of Ru
doping percentage shows the decrease in crystallinity along the perpendicular direction to this plane. Besides,
the optimum Ru doping percentage is evaluated on the basis of photocatalytic efficiency towards methylene
blue (MB) degradation under the visible light. The highest dye removal efficiency is observed for 2% Ru
doped Sb 2 WO 6 (SWO) adsorbing 97% of the MB dye followed by photocatalytic degrading almost 64% of
the remaining dye in 80 minutes. Further, using different dyes, it is concluded that Ru-SWO showcases high
adsorption towards the cationic dyes while it neither adsorbs the anionic dye nor displays photocatalytic
degradation.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Terahertz amplitude and phase modulation technologies are crucial for terahertz communication, radar, and imaging. However, most current approaches can only achieve either amplitude or phase modulation. In this paper, we present a low terahertz frequency on-chip multi-functional modulator that consists of a hybrid coupler and reflection meta-structure. High-performance amplitude modulation is achieved by combining series resonant absorption of series coupling branch (SCB) with resonance enhancement of parallel coupling branch (PCB) in the reflection meta-structure. Meanwhile, the enhanced resonance provides a larger range of phase shifts, enabling effective amplitude and phase modulation in two different frequency regions. Therefore, we realize an amplitude modulation in the range of 115-135 GHz with a minimum transmission loss of 4 dB and a modulation depth of over 10 dB. At the same time, we achieved a continuous phase shift in the 103-113 GHz region, as well as a 180-degree 2-bit phase shift in the 107-109 GHz range with only 5.7 dB transmission loss. Our simple method for terahertz amplitude and phase multi-functional modulation offers the potential to construe terahertz multifunctional integrated systems.
{"title":"Low terahertz frequency on-chip multi-functional modulator with amplitude and phase modulation","authors":"Huajie Liang, Hongxin Zeng, Hanyu Zhao, Lan Wang, Shixiong Liang, Zhihong Feng, Ziqiang Yang, Zhang Yaxin","doi":"10.1088/1361-6463/ad0bc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad0bc5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Terahertz amplitude and phase modulation technologies are crucial for terahertz communication, radar, and imaging. However, most current approaches can only achieve either amplitude or phase modulation. In this paper, we present a low terahertz frequency on-chip multi-functional modulator that consists of a hybrid coupler and reflection meta-structure. High-performance amplitude modulation is achieved by combining series resonant absorption of series coupling branch (SCB) with resonance enhancement of parallel coupling branch (PCB) in the reflection meta-structure. Meanwhile, the enhanced resonance provides a larger range of phase shifts, enabling effective amplitude and phase modulation in two different frequency regions. Therefore, we realize an amplitude modulation in the range of 115-135 GHz with a minimum transmission loss of 4 dB and a modulation depth of over 10 dB. At the same time, we achieved a continuous phase shift in the 103-113 GHz region, as well as a 180-degree 2-bit phase shift in the 107-109 GHz range with only 5.7 dB transmission loss. Our simple method for terahertz amplitude and phase multi-functional modulation offers the potential to construe terahertz multifunctional integrated systems.","PeriodicalId":16833,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics D","volume":"88 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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