Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Technologies: A Review Study

M. Ebrahimzadeh Sarvestani, F. Di Maria
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Abstract

The global surge in solid waste generation has spurred the exploration of diverse strategies aimed at minimizing the resulting environmental impacts. A vital tool for evaluating waste management options and planning sustainable approaches is life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA provides an effective means of assessing system expansion, encompassing the environmental effects of primary production, recycling processes, and waste management. Recent years have witnessed extensive utilization of LCA to evaluate the environmental performance of thermal waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, such as incineration, co-combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. These studies have primarily focused on key elements, including goal and scope definitions, technology parameters, and modeling principles. Furthermore, these investigations have explored the intricate interactions among various factors, including functional units, system boundaries, temporal and geographic scopes, waste composition, technology specifics, gas cleaning, energy recovery, residue management, inventory data, energy/mass calculations, as well as energy substitution and capital goods. This comprehensive review offers a comprehensive overview of the assumptions and modeling techniques employed in existing literature on waste-to-energy LCA. It also provides valuable recommendations to enhance future LCA studies on waste-to-energy. In summary, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the assumptions and modeling techniques employed in waste-to-energy LCA studies. It emphasizes the significance of LCA in evaluating the environmental impacts of waste management and offers valuable insights to advance research in waste-to-energy LCA.
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城市生活垃圾资源化技术生命周期环境评价综述
全球固体废物产生的激增促使人们探索各种旨在尽量减少由此产生的环境影响的战略。生命周期评价是评价废物管理备选办法和规划可持续办法的一个重要工具。生命周期分析提供了一种评估系统扩展的有效方法,包括初级生产、再循环过程和废物管理的环境影响。近年来,LCA被广泛应用于评价焚烧、共燃、热解和气化等热废能技术的环境绩效。这些研究主要集中在关键要素上,包括目标和范围定义、技术参数和建模原则。此外,这些调查还探讨了各种因素之间复杂的相互作用,包括功能单位、系统边界、时间和地理范围、废物组成、技术特点、气体清洁、能源回收、残留物管理、库存数据、能源/质量计算、能源替代和资本货物。这篇综合综述全面概述了现有文献中关于废物转化为能源的LCA的假设和建模技术。它还提供了宝贵的建议,以加强未来废物转化为能源的LCA研究。总之,这篇综述文章提供了在废物转化为能源的LCA研究中使用的假设和建模技术的全面概述。它强调了LCA在评估废物管理的环境影响方面的重要性,并为推进废物转化为能源的LCA研究提供了有价值的见解。
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