Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.270
David O. Olukanni, Deborah A. Adegoke, Akinbowale A. Akinmejiwa, Daniel E. Bassey, Joel A. Adediran
During pavement construction and rehabilitation, large amounts of bitumen are often required. As such, the need for material diversification in pavement construction is essential to conserve the non-renewable natural resource deposits. This study assessed the use of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste and grounded tyre combined in varying proportions with aged bitumen modifier, and wax as a rejuvenator in the production of asphaltic concrete. A 10% polymer replacement level was maintained for all modified mix batches with three distinct proportions: 6%-PET:4%-GWT, 5%-PET:5%-GWT, and 4%PET:6%-GWT. The rejuvenator was added in percentages 1, 2, and 3 by the total mass of modified bitumen mix. Results showed that the penetration values of the modified bitumen mixes with wax fall between bitumen grades 20–60, indicating suitability in warmer climates. Ductility results indicate an increase in ductility upon modification compared to the control mix. The 6%PET/4%GWT samples obtained the highest ductility values (M2 = 23.5 cm, M5 = 12.5 cm, M8 = 22 cm, M11 = 24.25 cm). The highest softening point value (84.5°C) was obtained with M3 (5%PET/5%GWT/0%wax). The inclusion of wax as a rejuvenator led to massive increases in viscosity values compared to both the control mix and the mixes without wax. Flash and fire point results fell within the same range, implying that the modification and rejuvenation did not yield significant impact on the flash and fire point properties. Marshall stability results showed that no modified bitumen batch obtained stability up to the control mix. The highest flow value (5.9 mm) was obtained with the M12 (5%PET/5%GWT/3%wax) mix. This was about 47.45% higher than that of the control mix and 23.7% higher than that of the corresponding mix without wax. The study recommends material diversification as well as dosage variation as essential in the drive towards achieving optimum stability in asphaltic composites.
在路面建设和修复过程中，经常需要大量的沥青。因此，为了保护不可再生的自然资源，铺装施工中材料多样化的需要是必不可少的。本研究评估了在沥青混凝土生产中使用不同比例的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)废料和磨碎的轮胎与老化的沥青改性剂和蜡作为再生剂。所有改性混合批次均保持10%的聚合物替代水平，其中有三个不同的比例:6%-PET:4%-GWT, 5%-PET:5%-GWT和4%PET:6%-GWT。再生剂按改性沥青混合料总质量的百分比1、2和3添加。结果表明，含蜡改性沥青混合料的渗透值介于20-60沥青等级之间，适合于较温暖的气候条件。延性结果表明，与控制混合料相比，改性后的延性有所增加。6%PET/4%GWT样品的延性值最高(M2 = 23.5 cm, M5 = 12.5 cm, M8 = 22 cm, M11 = 24.25 cm)。M3 (5%PET/5%GWT/0%蜡)的软化点值最高(84.5℃)。与对照混合物和不含蜡的混合物相比，加入蜡作为恢复剂导致粘度值大幅增加。闪点和着火点的结果落在相同的范围内，这意味着改性和年轻化对闪点和着火点的性能没有产生显著的影响。马歇尔稳定性结果表明，改性沥青料的稳定性没有达到对照料的水平。M12 (5%PET/5%GWT/3%wax)的流动值最高，为5.9 mm。这比对照混合物高47.45%，比不加蜡的相应混合物高23.7%。该研究建议，在实现沥青复合材料最佳稳定性的过程中，材料多样化和剂量变化是必不可少的。
{"title":"Evaluation of Asphalt Produced from Waste Tyre and Polyethylene Terephthalate-Based Bitumen with Paraffin Wax as Rejuvenator","authors":"David O. Olukanni, Deborah A. Adegoke, Akinbowale A. Akinmejiwa, Daniel E. Bassey, Joel A. Adediran","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.270","url":null,"abstract":"During pavement construction and rehabilitation, large amounts of bitumen are often required. As such, the need for material diversification in pavement construction is essential to conserve the non-renewable natural resource deposits. This study assessed the use of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste and grounded tyre combined in varying proportions with aged bitumen modifier, and wax as a rejuvenator in the production of asphaltic concrete. A 10% polymer replacement level was maintained for all modified mix batches with three distinct proportions: 6%-PET:4%-GWT, 5%-PET:5%-GWT, and 4%PET:6%-GWT. The rejuvenator was added in percentages 1, 2, and 3 by the total mass of modified bitumen mix. Results showed that the penetration values of the modified bitumen mixes with wax fall between bitumen grades 20–60, indicating suitability in warmer climates. Ductility results indicate an increase in ductility upon modification compared to the control mix. The 6%PET/4%GWT samples obtained the highest ductility values (M2 = 23.5 cm, M5 = 12.5 cm, M8 = 22 cm, M11 = 24.25 cm). The highest softening point value (84.5°C) was obtained with M3 (5%PET/5%GWT/0%wax). The inclusion of wax as a rejuvenator led to massive increases in viscosity values compared to both the control mix and the mixes without wax. Flash and fire point results fell within the same range, implying that the modification and rejuvenation did not yield significant impact on the flash and fire point properties. Marshall stability results showed that no modified bitumen batch obtained stability up to the control mix. The highest flow value (5.9 mm) was obtained with the M12 (5%PET/5%GWT/3%wax) mix. This was about 47.45% higher than that of the control mix and 23.7% higher than that of the corresponding mix without wax. The study recommends material diversification as well as dosage variation as essential in the drive towards achieving optimum stability in asphaltic composites.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.292
Asha P Tom
The dairy industry has global importance due to its essential contribution towards human nutrition as well as high economic opportunities. There is a consistent and steep growth in India's dairy sector in the last few decades and now India is one of the major milk-producing countries in the world. Highstrength dairy wastewaters, if discharged without proper treatment, severely pollute the receiving water bodies. In this scenario 'Waste as a resource' concept has been gaining the interest of researchers. The present review delineates different technological advancements for treating dairy wastewater and compares which is the better option in terms of sustainability. In the aerobic process, advanced bioaugmented systems which use bacterial and fungal consortia were found to be effective and sustainable with biological oxygen demand removal of 78.7% and 74.7%. Physio-chemical methods using natural coagulants like Moringa oleifera (MO) and pomegranate peel powder were also found to be effective with 81.8 % nitrogen removal from dairy wastewater treatment. Phytoremediation using water fern (Azolla pinnata R. Br.) was found to be efficient with dissolved solids reduction efficiency of 71.56 %. The fluidized bed anaerobic reactor unit was found to generate a biohydrogen content of 35.72±9.43% when the OLR was 53.25± 7.81 kg. COD m– 3 d–1. Microbial fuel cells treatment of real dairy wastewater (RDW) using Shewanella algae (MTCC-10608) has generated maximum current density and power density of 141 mA/m2 and 50 mW/m2 respectively. These two technologies are better sustainable options for dairy wastewater treatment since waste to energy aspect is satisfied.
乳制品行业具有全球重要性，因为它对人类营养的重要贡献以及高经济机会。在过去的几十年里，印度的乳制品行业持续快速增长，现在印度是世界上主要的牛奶生产国之一。高浓度乳业废水未经处理排放，会严重污染接收水体。在这种情况下，“废物即资源”的概念引起了研究人员的兴趣。本综述概述了处理乳制品废水的不同技术进展，并比较了哪一种技术在可持续性方面是更好的选择。在好氧过程中，使用细菌和真菌联合体的先进生物增强系统有效且可持续，生物需氧量去除率分别为78.7%和74.7%。采用天然混凝剂辣木(MO)和石榴皮粉等理化方法处理乳制品废水，氮去除率达81.8%。水蕨类植物修复效果较好，溶解固形物还原率为71.56%。当OLR为53.25±7.81 kg时，流化床厌氧反应器单元的生物氢含量为35.72±9.43%。COD m - 3 d-1。利用希瓦氏藻(Shewanella algae, MTCC-10608)处理乳制品废水的微生物燃料电池最大电流密度为141 mA/m2，最大功率密度为50 mW/m2。这两种技术是乳品废水处理的更好的可持续选择，因为废物转化为能源方面得到了满足。
{"title":"Sustainable Technological Advancements for Dairy Waste Water Treatment-A Review","authors":"Asha P Tom","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.292","url":null,"abstract":"The dairy industry has global importance due to its essential contribution towards human nutrition as well as high economic opportunities. There is a consistent and steep growth in India's dairy sector in the last few decades and now India is one of the major milk-producing countries in the world. Highstrength dairy wastewaters, if discharged without proper treatment, severely pollute the receiving water bodies. In this scenario 'Waste as a resource' concept has been gaining the interest of researchers. The present review delineates different technological advancements for treating dairy wastewater and compares which is the better option in terms of sustainability. In the aerobic process, advanced bioaugmented systems which use bacterial and fungal consortia were found to be effective and sustainable with biological oxygen demand removal of 78.7% and 74.7%. Physio-chemical methods using natural coagulants like Moringa oleifera (MO) and pomegranate peel powder were also found to be effective with 81.8 % nitrogen removal from dairy wastewater treatment. Phytoremediation using water fern (Azolla pinnata R. Br.) was found to be efficient with dissolved solids reduction efficiency of 71.56 %. The fluidized bed anaerobic reactor unit was found to generate a biohydrogen content of 35.72±9.43% when the OLR was 53.25± 7.81 kg. COD m– 3 d–1. Microbial fuel cells treatment of real dairy wastewater (RDW) using Shewanella algae (MTCC-10608) has generated maximum current density and power density of 141 mA/m2 and 50 mW/m2 respectively. These two technologies are better sustainable options for dairy wastewater treatment since waste to energy aspect is satisfied.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.280
Amr Abdelghany, S.T. El-Sheltawy, M.M.K. Fouad, Eslam G. Al-Sakkari, Ahmed A. Refaat
Municipal solid waste (MSW) poses a cumulative problem related to many aspects, namely, social, economic, and cultural. Therefore, such a situation must be accompanied by the development of well-established management systems starting with the knowledge of MSW quantities, its quality and characterization and ending with a suitable landfilling technique. This work aims to characterize Egyptian municipal solid waste generated from two cities in Great Cairo, where 45 samples were collected regularly. The research was carried out by researchers in the Chemical Engineering Department at Cairo University and selected undergraduate students from October to December 2020. The collected MSW was characterized by evaluating the quality and quantity of generated waste. Selected properties considered were: composition (including the organic fraction, papers, plastics, textiles, metals, glass, and others), density, moisture content, calorific value, and Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfer (CHNS) chemical elemental analysis. The results obtained showed that the organic fraction was dominant to other fractions (4287%) and the carbon content was more than 47% and the calorific values to range between 4360-12277 kJ/kg. The results obtained were used as a base for a waste management proposal, either from mass recovery for highrecyclable samples or energy recovery for high calorific value waste. In other circumstances, waste-to-energy WTE processes were recommended as a promising solution to developing countries in the world where the energy demand is essential for the life.
{"title":"Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste Generated in Some Egyptian Cities","authors":"Amr Abdelghany, S.T. El-Sheltawy, M.M.K. Fouad, Eslam G. Al-Sakkari, Ahmed A. Refaat","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.280","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste (MSW) poses a cumulative problem related to many aspects, namely, social, economic, and cultural. Therefore, such a situation must be accompanied by the development of well-established management systems starting with the knowledge of MSW quantities, its quality and characterization and ending with a suitable landfilling technique. This work aims to characterize Egyptian municipal solid waste generated from two cities in Great Cairo, where 45 samples were collected regularly. The research was carried out by researchers in the Chemical Engineering Department at Cairo University and selected undergraduate students from October to December 2020. The collected MSW was characterized by evaluating the quality and quantity of generated waste. Selected properties considered were: composition (including the organic fraction, papers, plastics, textiles, metals, glass, and others), density, moisture content, calorific value, and Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfer (CHNS) chemical elemental analysis. The results obtained showed that the organic fraction was dominant to other fractions (4287%) and the carbon content was more than 47% and the calorific values to range between 4360-12277 kJ/kg. The results obtained were used as a base for a waste management proposal, either from mass recovery for highrecyclable samples or energy recovery for high calorific value waste. In other circumstances, waste-to-energy WTE processes were recommended as a promising solution to developing countries in the world where the energy demand is essential for the life.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.201
M. Ebrahimzadeh Sarvestani, F. Di Maria
The global surge in solid waste generation has spurred the exploration of diverse strategies aimed at minimizing the resulting environmental impacts. A vital tool for evaluating waste management options and planning sustainable approaches is life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA provides an effective means of assessing system expansion, encompassing the environmental effects of primary production, recycling processes, and waste management. Recent years have witnessed extensive utilization of LCA to evaluate the environmental performance of thermal waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, such as incineration, co-combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. These studies have primarily focused on key elements, including goal and scope definitions, technology parameters, and modeling principles. Furthermore, these investigations have explored the intricate interactions among various factors, including functional units, system boundaries, temporal and geographic scopes, waste composition, technology specifics, gas cleaning, energy recovery, residue management, inventory data, energy/mass calculations, as well as energy substitution and capital goods. This comprehensive review offers a comprehensive overview of the assumptions and modeling techniques employed in existing literature on waste-to-energy LCA. It also provides valuable recommendations to enhance future LCA studies on waste-to-energy. In summary, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the assumptions and modeling techniques employed in waste-to-energy LCA studies. It emphasizes the significance of LCA in evaluating the environmental impacts of waste management and offers valuable insights to advance research in waste-to-energy LCA.
{"title":"Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Technologies: A Review Study","authors":"M. Ebrahimzadeh Sarvestani, F. Di Maria","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.201","url":null,"abstract":"The global surge in solid waste generation has spurred the exploration of diverse strategies aimed at minimizing the resulting environmental impacts. A vital tool for evaluating waste management options and planning sustainable approaches is life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA provides an effective means of assessing system expansion, encompassing the environmental effects of primary production, recycling processes, and waste management. Recent years have witnessed extensive utilization of LCA to evaluate the environmental performance of thermal waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, such as incineration, co-combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. These studies have primarily focused on key elements, including goal and scope definitions, technology parameters, and modeling principles. Furthermore, these investigations have explored the intricate interactions among various factors, including functional units, system boundaries, temporal and geographic scopes, waste composition, technology specifics, gas cleaning, energy recovery, residue management, inventory data, energy/mass calculations, as well as energy substitution and capital goods. This comprehensive review offers a comprehensive overview of the assumptions and modeling techniques employed in existing literature on waste-to-energy LCA. It also provides valuable recommendations to enhance future LCA studies on waste-to-energy. In summary, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the assumptions and modeling techniques employed in waste-to-energy LCA studies. It emphasizes the significance of LCA in evaluating the environmental impacts of waste management and offers valuable insights to advance research in waste-to-energy LCA.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proper management of livestock invariably includes sustainable methods of reusing their manure. Considering the global scenario of animal manure handling and the need for sustained agricultural production, there is clear lack of a focused approach in achieving the environmental and economical resilience in small-scale farms. Present study reviews the possibility of employing co-composting as a suitable technology for safe and effective handling of animal manure along with other wasted materials of organic nature. The review identifies the scope of effective co-composting using different mixtures of manure, greens and bulking agents to achieve required stability and nutrient content of the product. The study highlights the state of the art in terms of (i) carbon and nitrogen transformation after composting, (ii) challenges in preparing ambient conditions, and (iii) feedstock selection to optimize the mix proportions. The study also highlights the challenges in preparation and application as well as the risks involved in handling emerging contaminants (toxins) such as hormones and antibiotics in manure in producing good quality compost, thereby breaking the chain of their reentry to the food cycles. The results of the study would impart sound technological interventions required to make the best use of animal manure compost in low fertile soils.
{"title":"A Critical Overview on Recent Avenues in Co-Composting of Animal Manure with Other Organics of Varying Toxicity","authors":"Balaganesh Pandiyan, Vasudevan Mangottiri, Natarajan Narayanan","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.261","url":null,"abstract":"Proper management of livestock invariably includes sustainable methods of reusing their manure. Considering the global scenario of animal manure handling and the need for sustained agricultural production, there is clear lack of a focused approach in achieving the environmental and economical resilience in small-scale farms. Present study reviews the possibility of employing co-composting as a suitable technology for safe and effective handling of animal manure along with other wasted materials of organic nature. The review identifies the scope of effective co-composting using different mixtures of manure, greens and bulking agents to achieve required stability and nutrient content of the product. The study highlights the state of the art in terms of (i) carbon and nitrogen transformation after composting, (ii) challenges in preparing ambient conditions, and (iii) feedstock selection to optimize the mix proportions. The study also highlights the challenges in preparation and application as well as the risks involved in handling emerging contaminants (toxins) such as hormones and antibiotics in manure in producing good quality compost, thereby breaking the chain of their reentry to the food cycles. The results of the study would impart sound technological interventions required to make the best use of animal manure compost in low fertile soils.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Presence of faecal coliform in drinking water is a major public health concern in many countries. It is critical to know how faecal coliforms find ways to the drinking water. The common causes are believed to be poor sanitary practices and unsafe faecal sludge management. This paper examines the presence of such causal factors in drinking water, found to be contaminated with faecal coliform, through a field survey in Sheohar district of India. Secondary data on sanitary status of the region was collected followed by collection of primary data on structure of toilets constructed and sanitary practices from households and village level institutions through a questionnaire-based survey. Ground water samples used for drinking in the surveyed villages were tested for presence of E-coli using Compartment Bag Test kit following WHO norms. It was found that even after reaching near universal coverage of toilets, there have remained many pathways to contaminate the ground water. The findings have important implications on proper implementation of sanitation and drinking water supply programmes and steps to be taken to avoid contamination of ground water with faecal coliform even after an area has been declared as open defecation free. This will also help to identify the risk factors for designing water & sanitation safety plan to ensure water quality and improving public health and nutrition.
{"title":"Association of Insanitary Practices and Faecal Sludge Management with Drinking Water Quality: A Lesson Learnt from Sheohar District, Bihar","authors":"M.N. Roy, Soumyajit Basu, Sohini Tarafdar, Debasri Mukherjee","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.253","url":null,"abstract":"Presence of faecal coliform in drinking water is a major public health concern in many countries. It is critical to know how faecal coliforms find ways to the drinking water. The common causes are believed to be poor sanitary practices and unsafe faecal sludge management. This paper examines the presence of such causal factors in drinking water, found to be contaminated with faecal coliform, through a field survey in Sheohar district of India. Secondary data on sanitary status of the region was collected followed by collection of primary data on structure of toilets constructed and sanitary practices from households and village level institutions through a questionnaire-based survey. Ground water samples used for drinking in the surveyed villages were tested for presence of E-coli using Compartment Bag Test kit following WHO norms. It was found that even after reaching near universal coverage of toilets, there have remained many pathways to contaminate the ground water. The findings have important implications on proper implementation of sanitation and drinking water supply programmes and steps to be taken to avoid contamination of ground water with faecal coliform even after an area has been declared as open defecation free. This will also help to identify the risk factors for designing water & sanitation safety plan to ensure water quality and improving public health and nutrition.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transition to a circular economy and growing popularity of "green" behavior rising the question of how to bring relevant innovative changes to the solid waste recycling industry. Finding the right answer to this question becomes a priority in the different regions of the world. The best examples of innovative changes in this industry can be found in the theoretical sources, but their effective implementation in practice is sometimes a challenge due to poor management or low level of staff involvement. The aim of this article is to analyse and evaluate the influence of leadership and collaboration on the innovative processes and advanced economic and environmental performance of solid waste recycling enterprises. Primary and secondary data collection and analysis methods were used to provide the evidence for the research findings. The results show that motivated team with a professional leader can make a difference in the process of development and implementation of innovations allowing improving the efficiency and increasing the capacity of solid waste recycling industry. This difference include approach for setting up goals and using resources in the process of their achievement. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the disclosure of the specifics of various types of innovative changes in the solid waste recycling industry, as well as the impact of leadership and cooperation on innovative processes. Authors concluded that leadership and teambuilding skills should be a part of education and training in the solid waste recycling industry due to their significant influence on the industry success.
{"title":"The Role of Leadership and Collaboration in Innovative Changes in the Solid Waste Recycling Industry: Corporate and Regional Levels","authors":"Maria Liubarskaia, Sadhan Kumar Ghosh, Natalia Klunko, Tatiana Regent, Larisa Egorova, Daria Ipatova","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.215","url":null,"abstract":"Transition to a circular economy and growing popularity of \"green\" behavior rising the question of how to bring relevant innovative changes to the solid waste recycling industry. Finding the right answer to this question becomes a priority in the different regions of the world. The best examples of innovative changes in this industry can be found in the theoretical sources, but their effective implementation in practice is sometimes a challenge due to poor management or low level of staff involvement. The aim of this article is to analyse and evaluate the influence of leadership and collaboration on the innovative processes and advanced economic and environmental performance of solid waste recycling enterprises. Primary and secondary data collection and analysis methods were used to provide the evidence for the research findings. The results show that motivated team with a professional leader can make a difference in the process of development and implementation of innovations allowing improving the efficiency and increasing the capacity of solid waste recycling industry. This difference include approach for setting up goals and using resources in the process of their achievement. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the disclosure of the specifics of various types of innovative changes in the solid waste recycling industry, as well as the impact of leadership and cooperation on innovative processes. Authors concluded that leadership and teambuilding skills should be a part of education and training in the solid waste recycling industry due to their significant influence on the industry success.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.231
P. Balaganesh, S Shiva Nandhini, K. Moneesh Kumar, S Pooja Ragavi, S Amritha Shankar, M. Vasudevan, N. Natarajan
In order to improve the suitability of recycled water for managing the supply and demand with a sustainable technique, a laboratory-scale column experiment was conducted to comprehend the flow behaviour coming out from varied layers with respect to time and depth. This study deals with transfer of wastewater collected from sewage treatment plant through the multiple layers of river sand, Manufactured sand and compost filled under saturation and breakthrough behaviour was monitored. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate experimentally the ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen transport phenomena of the wastewater effluent collected from a sewage treatment plant with respect to time. The samples taken at regular time intervals were tested for the critical parameters pH, electrical conductivity, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand assessed with respect to time. The pH ranges observed were almost consistent with contact time in different beds of column whereas the electrical conductivity reaches a maximum at a specific time up to 5 times greater than the minimum value. The ionic transition in relation to dilution, filtration, oxidation, etc. may be the cause of this. The compost-filled column has the capacity to nitrify the ammonia-nitrogen in wastewater, according to the flow behaviour of the ammonia-nitrogen through the wastewater through the M-sand-filled column. The column containing compost showed lower outlet concentration of wastewater ammonia-nitrogen and higher nitrate-nitrogen compared to the other one. The study is useful in the agricultural sector for predicting interactions between sand, waste water, and compost.
{"title":"Flow Behaviour of Wastewater Contaminants in Compost with Manufactured Sand (M-SAND) Under Layered Conditions","authors":"P. Balaganesh, S Shiva Nandhini, K. Moneesh Kumar, S Pooja Ragavi, S Amritha Shankar, M. Vasudevan, N. Natarajan","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.231","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the suitability of recycled water for managing the supply and demand with a sustainable technique, a laboratory-scale column experiment was conducted to comprehend the flow behaviour coming out from varied layers with respect to time and depth. This study deals with\u0000 transfer of wastewater collected from sewage treatment plant through the multiple layers of river sand, Manufactured sand and compost filled under saturation and breakthrough behaviour was monitored. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate experimentally the ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen\u0000 transport phenomena of the wastewater effluent collected from a sewage treatment plant with respect to time. The samples taken at regular time intervals were tested for the critical parameters pH, electrical conductivity, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand assessed\u0000 with respect to time. The pH ranges observed were almost consistent with contact time in different beds of column whereas the electrical conductivity reaches a maximum at a specific time up to 5 times greater than the minimum value. The ionic transition in relation to dilution, filtration,\u0000 oxidation, etc. may be the cause of this. The compost-filled column has the capacity to nitrify the ammonia-nitrogen in wastewater, according to the flow behaviour of the ammonia-nitrogen through the wastewater through the M-sand-filled column. The column containing compost showed lower outlet\u0000 concentration of wastewater ammonia-nitrogen and higher nitrate-nitrogen compared to the other one. The study is useful in the agricultural sector for predicting interactions between sand, waste water, and compost.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.240
FN Okonta, M.K Mthethwa, M.B Ntshalintshali, F A Ngankoue
High quality in-situ compaction of municipal solid waste (MSW) is required to ensure landfill stability. However given the heterogeneous composition of MSW, it is important to assess the potential sensitivity of Dynamic cone penetrometers (DCP) and direct shear apparatus to changes in compaction effort, composition and aging effect and different specific work per blow of DCP on penetration resistance (DPI) and shear strength parameters of fresh and excavated Johannesburg landfill municipal solid waste. The results reveal that for average density range of 354kg/m3 to 722kg/m3 the mobilized penetration resistance, DPI was 15–40 mm/blow for DCP specific work per blow of 144 kJ/m2 and 10– 33 mm/blow due to reduced work per blow of 92kJ/m2. The friction angle and cohesion of fresh waste and landfilled waste with fibrous content of 45% and 64% respectively are 19° and 12kPa for fresh waste and 21°and 31kPa for landfilled waste. 24 hours soaking of waste resulted in reduction in friction angle of fresh waste and cohesion of landfilled waste respectively. Controlling the ratio of sand, organics and fibrous content in recycling program is required to increase the stability of landfilled sites exposed to high tropical rainfall.
{"title":"Effect of Compaction Effort on Penetration Resistance and Shear Strength of Landfilled and Fresh Municipal Solid Waste","authors":"FN Okonta, M.K Mthethwa, M.B Ntshalintshali, F A Ngankoue","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.240","url":null,"abstract":"High quality in-situ compaction of municipal solid waste (MSW) is required to ensure landfill stability. However given the heterogeneous composition of MSW, it is important to assess the potential sensitivity of Dynamic cone penetrometers (DCP) and direct shear apparatus to changes in compaction effort, composition and aging effect and different specific work per blow of DCP on penetration resistance (DPI) and shear strength parameters of fresh and excavated Johannesburg landfill municipal solid waste. The results reveal that for average density range of 354kg/m3 to 722kg/m3 the mobilized penetration resistance, DPI was 15–40 mm/blow for DCP specific work per blow of 144 kJ/m2 and 10– 33 mm/blow due to reduced work per blow of 92kJ/m2. The friction angle and cohesion of fresh waste and landfilled waste with fibrous content of 45% and 64% respectively are 19° and 12kPa for fresh waste and 21°and 31kPa for landfilled waste. 24 hours soaking of waste resulted in reduction in friction angle of fresh waste and cohesion of landfilled waste respectively. Controlling the ratio of sand, organics and fibrous content in recycling program is required to increase the stability of landfilled sites exposed to high tropical rainfall.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purification of biogas is the pre-requisite of the commercial application of anaerobic digestion in the renewable energy sector. In this study, Aspen Plus V11.1 was used to determine the optimum process conditions for biogas purification using high-pressure water scrubbing. The non-random two-liquid model (NRTL) coupled with Henry ' s law was used as the fluid package in this study. According to henry ' s law solubility of CO2 is higher than CH4 and thus water was used as an adsorbent. The ideal parameter values for the scrubber were as follows: water pressure: 8 atm, biogas temperature: 37°C or 55°C, scrubber stages: 15, water to biogas mass flowrate ratio: 50. The composition of the biogas i. e., CH4 and CO2 mole fractions can vary in a wide range without effecting the efficiency of the process.
沼气的净化是厌氧消化在可再生能源领域商业化应用的先决条件。本研究采用Aspen Plus V11.1确定高压水洗涤沼气净化的最佳工艺条件。本研究采用非随机双液模型(NRTL)耦合亨利定律作为流体包。根据亨利定律，CO2的溶解度高于CH4，因此采用水作为吸附剂。洗涤器的理想参数值为:水压8 atm，沼气温度37℃或55℃，洗涤器级数15，水与沼气质量流量比50。沼气的组成，即CH4和CO2摩尔分数可以在很大范围内变化而不影响过程的效率。
{"title":"Optimization of Biogas Purification Employing High-Pressure Water Scrubbing","authors":"Tirthankar Mukherjee, Nilay Kumar Sarker, Prasad Kaparaju","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.225","url":null,"abstract":"Purification of biogas is the pre-requisite of the commercial application of anaerobic digestion in the renewable energy sector. In this study, Aspen Plus V11.1 was used to determine the optimum process conditions for biogas purification using high-pressure water scrubbing. The non-random two-liquid model (NRTL) coupled with Henry ' s law was used as the fluid package in this study. According to henry ' s law solubility of CO2 is higher than CH4 and thus water was used as an adsorbent. The ideal parameter values for the scrubber were as follows: water pressure: 8 atm, biogas temperature: 37°C or 55°C, scrubber stages: 15, water to biogas mass flowrate ratio: 50. The composition of the biogas i. e., CH4 and CO2 mole fractions can vary in a wide range without effecting the efficiency of the process.","PeriodicalId":22919,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135084179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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