Emerging breakthroughs in biomaterials for orthopedic applications: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The field of orthopedics has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, primarily driven by the development and utilization of innovative biomaterials. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of emerging breakthroughs in biomaterials for orthopedic applications, focusing on the diverse range of materials employed in this sector. Biomaterials have revolutionized orthopedic surgery by offering tailored solutions for various musculoskeletal conditions, enhancing patient outcomes, and improving overall quality of life. This review categorizes biomaterials into three main groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers, with a special emphasis on composite biomaterials. Metal alloys, such as titanium and its alloys, continue to be pivotal in orthopedic applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Ceramics, including hydroxyapatite and bioglass, have found wide acceptance for their capacity to mimic natural bone and promote osseointegration. Polymer-based biomaterials, including biodegradable polymers, offer versatility and can be engineered to meet specific requirements in orthopedic devices. Composite biomaterials represent an emerging frontier in orthopedics, combining the strengths of multiple materials to achieve superior mechanical properties, bioactivity, and long-term stability. The integration of bioactive molecules, growth factors, and drug-delivery systems within composite biomaterials holds great promise for promoting tissue regeneration and reducing post-operative complications. In this review, we explore recent developments in each category of biomaterials, highlighting their applications in orthopedic devices, including joint replacements, bone grafts, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role of biomaterials in advancing orthopedic practice. The utilization of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite biomaterials has ushered in a new era of orthopedic care, where customized solutions are tailored to individual patient needs, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those suffering from musculoskeletal conditions. As research continues to flourish in this dynamic field, the future of orthopedic biomaterials holds immense promise for further breakthroughs and innovations.