Bioinoculants: the agrarian avengers

Abstract

Bioinoculants are beneficial microorganisms that are used in agriculture to enhance plant growth and productivity, improve soil health, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. They include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and endophytes that interact with plants in various ways to promote growth, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance. The interactions between bioinoculants and their host plants are complex, and different strains of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa have specific interactions with different plants. Understanding these interactions is critical in selecting the appropriate bioinoculant for a particular crop and soil type. This paper reviews the interaction of different types of bioinoculants with plants, and their potential to improve the sustainability of agriculture and their applications. Techniques for applying bioinoculants include seed treatment, soil application, and foliar application. Bioinoculant application has been shown to improve crop yield, quality, and nutrient content. In addition, they help to reduce environmental pollution and protect soil biodiversity. Some of the challenges associated with the application of bioinoculants include the need for optimized formulations, storage, and transportation. To maximize the potential of bioinoculants in sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to continue research into their interactions and develop effective application techniques that can be used on a large scale.