Shealinna Ge, Robert A. Weiss, Laura Schilling, Claire M. Noell
Introduction
The study investigates the efficacy of combining low-dose triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) and lidocaine with deoxycholic acid (DCA) injections to reduce adverse effects (AEs) without compromising long-term results.
Methods
A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted with 15 subjects, divided into a control group (DCA with lidocaine) and an intervention group (DCA with low-dose TAC and lidocaine). The primary outcomes measured were injection pain, swelling, and submental fat reduction.
Results
Results indicated that the intervention group experienced significantly reduced pain and swelling compared to the control group. Both groups showed similar efficacy in submental fat reduction, with the intervention group demonstrating a greater mean volumetric loss.
Conclusion
The study concludes that the addition of low-dose TAC and lidocaine to DCA injections is a safe and effective method to enhance patient comfort and treatment outcomes without inducing steroid-related side effects.
{"title":"The Addition of Low-Dose Lidocaine and Triamcinolone Reduces the Adverse Effects of 2-Deoxycholate Injection Without Affecting the Long-Term Results","authors":"Shealinna Ge, Robert A. Weiss, Laura Schilling, Claire M. Noell","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study investigates the efficacy of combining low-dose triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) and lidocaine with deoxycholic acid (DCA) injections to reduce adverse effects (AEs) without compromising long-term results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A double-blind, randomized trial was conducted with 15 subjects, divided into a control group (DCA with lidocaine) and an intervention group (DCA with low-dose TAC and lidocaine). The primary outcomes measured were injection pain, swelling, and submental fat reduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results indicated that the intervention group experienced significantly reduced pain and swelling compared to the control group. Both groups showed similar efficacy in submental fat reduction, with the intervention group demonstrating a greater mean volumetric loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study concludes that the addition of low-dose TAC and lidocaine to DCA injections is a safe and effective method to enhance patient comfort and treatment outcomes without inducing steroid-related side effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sporotrichosis is the most prevalent deep mycosis worldwide. The differential diagnosis of its clinical symptoms and histopathological features presents considerable complexity. A thorough understanding of the clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics of sporotrichosis is crucial for its accurate clinical diagnosis.
Methods
This study involved a retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed with sporotrichosis at our hospital between April 2017 and April 2019, summarizing their clinical and histopathological characteristics.
Results
Among the 323 patients included in this study, a higher prevalence was observed in females. The disease predominantly affected middle-aged and elderly patients, aged between 41 and 67 years, with a higher incidence noted in winter and spring. Among the 323 patients, 170 patients (52.7%) presented with the fixed pattern, 128 (40%) with the lymphatic type, 24 (7%) with the special type, and one patient with the cutaneous-disseminated type. There were no cases of the systemic type. Histopathological findings included diffuse infectious granulomas and inflammatory infiltration, primarily characterized by diffuse and non-specific mixed inflammatory cell infiltration (without granulomas). The granulomas were primarily tuberculoid and purulent, with a lesser occurrence of granulomas exhibiting a three-zone structure, which is typically uncommon. An increase in lymphocytes, plasmacytes, and neutrophils was noted as one of the pathological features of the disease.
Conclusion
In this region, sporotrichosis was more prevalent among female patients compared to male patients, with the fixed pattern being more common than the lymphatic type. Histopathological manifestations included diffuse infectious granulomas, with inflammatory infiltration primarily characterized by diffuse infiltration and non-specific mixed inflammatory cell infiltration (without granulomas).
{"title":"Clinical Presentation and Histopathological Characteristics of Sporotrichosis","authors":"Xiaohong Zhao, Panpan Li, Jianxun Yang","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sporotrichosis is the most prevalent deep mycosis worldwide. The differential diagnosis of its clinical symptoms and histopathological features presents considerable complexity. A thorough understanding of the clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics of sporotrichosis is crucial for its accurate clinical diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study involved a retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed with sporotrichosis at our hospital between April 2017 and April 2019, summarizing their clinical and histopathological characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 323 patients included in this study, a higher prevalence was observed in females. The disease predominantly affected middle-aged and elderly patients, aged between 41 and 67 years, with a higher incidence noted in winter and spring. Among the 323 patients, 170 patients (52.7%) presented with the fixed pattern, 128 (40%) with the lymphatic type, 24 (7%) with the special type, and one patient with the cutaneous-disseminated type. There were no cases of the systemic type. Histopathological findings included diffuse infectious granulomas and inflammatory infiltration, primarily characterized by diffuse and non-specific mixed inflammatory cell infiltration (without granulomas). The granulomas were primarily tuberculoid and purulent, with a lesser occurrence of granulomas exhibiting a three-zone structure, which is typically uncommon. An increase in lymphocytes, plasmacytes, and neutrophils was noted as one of the pathological features of the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this region, sporotrichosis was more prevalent among female patients compared to male patients, with the fixed pattern being more common than the lymphatic type. Histopathological manifestations included diffuse infectious granulomas, with inflammatory infiltration primarily characterized by diffuse infiltration and non-specific mixed inflammatory cell infiltration (without granulomas).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditya K. Gupta, Mary A. Bamimore, Greg Williams, Mesbah Talukder
Background
Oral finasteride 1 mg/day is indicated for androgenetic alopecia (AGA), while 5 mg/day is for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Oral finasteride has been linked with depression and suicide; however, a causal association is uncertain. The so-called post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) refers to a “cluster” of side effects experienced by some men (i.e., cis men) after taking oral finasteride.
Aims
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of depression and suicide with oral finasteride in males, using data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). As a secondary objective, we conducted disproportionality analyses of FAERS data to assess whether oral dutasteride use was linked to psychological symptoms related to depression and suicidality.
Methods
We conducted disproportionality analyses for 5 AEs using MedDRA terms. Associations were metricized with the reporting odds ratio (ROR) across 3 time periods, namely, 2006–2011, 2013–2018, and 2019–2023.
Results
No significant AEs/signals were detected with oral finasteride from 2006 to 2011 for any of the 5 AEs (completed suicide, depression suicidal, suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation, attempted suicide). Signals were detected for some AEs during 2013–2018 and 2019–2023. For example, there was a greater likelihood of reporting suicidal ideations in individuals taking oral finasteride during 2013–2018 (ROR = 2.8, p < 0.05) and 2019–2023 (ROR = 5.0, p < 0.05). In contrast, no signals were detected with oral dutasteride during 2006–2011, 2013–2018, and 2019–2023.
Conclusion
The study found no significant correlation between oral finasteride and depression/suicide reports from 2006 to 2011 but noted a significant number of such reports in 2013–2018 and 2019–2023. This increase may be linked to heightened awareness of AEs following the recognition of so-called PFS in 2012.
{"title":"Finasteride Use: Evaluation of Depression and Suicide Risk","authors":"Aditya K. Gupta, Mary A. Bamimore, Greg Williams, Mesbah Talukder","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oral finasteride 1 mg/day is indicated for androgenetic alopecia (AGA), while 5 mg/day is for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Oral finasteride has been linked with depression and suicide; however, a causal association is uncertain. The so-called post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) refers to a “cluster” of side effects experienced by some men (i.e., cis men) after taking oral finasteride.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of depression and suicide with oral finasteride in males, using data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). As a secondary objective, we conducted disproportionality analyses of FAERS data to assess whether oral dutasteride use was linked to psychological symptoms related to depression and suicidality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted disproportionality analyses for 5 AEs using MedDRA terms. Associations were metricized with the reporting odds ratio (ROR) across 3 time periods, namely, 2006–2011, 2013–2018, and 2019–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant AEs/signals were detected with oral finasteride from 2006 to 2011 for any of the 5 AEs (completed suicide, depression suicidal, suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation, attempted suicide). Signals were detected for some AEs during 2013–2018 and 2019–2023. For example, there was a greater likelihood of reporting suicidal ideations in individuals taking oral finasteride during 2013–2018 (ROR = 2.8, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and 2019–2023 (ROR = 5.0, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In contrast, no signals were detected with oral dutasteride during 2006–2011, 2013–2018, and 2019–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found no significant correlation between oral finasteride and depression/suicide reports from 2006 to 2011 but noted a significant number of such reports in 2013–2018 and 2019–2023. This increase may be linked to heightened awareness of AEs following the recognition of so-called PFS in 2012.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Shao, Jieyan Huang, Yan Li, Laiji Ma, Yujie Niu, Wen Jiang, Chunying Yuan, Tianming Bai, Suzhen Yang
Objective
Oxidative stress activates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excessive ROS can damage skin cells, initiating oxidative stress responses that contribute to inflammation, aging, and other skin issues. As a resident skin bacterium, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) plays an important role in maintaining skin homeostasis and provides antioxidant benefits. However, the metabolite components and mechanisms of C. acnes exerting antioxidant activity are not yet clear. This study aimed to analyze the potential antioxidant effects of C. acnes cell-free supernatant and the mechanisms.
Methods
The antioxidant effects were evaluated by measuring the scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) (ABTS) radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, as well as the effects on ROS levels in menadione-induced primary human keratinocytes in vitro. Additionally, western blot analysis was performed to assess the antioxidant effects of the C. acnes CCSM0331 cell-free supernatant (CFS).
Results
C. acnes CCSM0331 was isolated from the facial skin of healthy individuals. This strain, classified as type II, is associated with healthy skin. The CFS of strain CCSM0331 contained various short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), exhibiting strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities, thus demonstrating substantial antioxidant activity. In a reactive oxygen species model induced by menadione in primary human keratinocytes, the addition of 5% of the fermentation supernatant from this strain significantly reduced ROS levels, indicating a notable ROS-scavenging effect. Western blot analysis further confirmed that the CCSM0331 fermentation supernatant activated the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 proteins, thereby activating the Nrf-2 oxidative stress pathway and exerting antioxidant effects.
Conclusion
C. acnes CCSM0331 is a promising skin probiotic with notable antioxidant properties. The activity of this strain exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity, suggesting its potential application in the development of antiaging products. This study provides theoretical support for the screening of functional skin bacteria or skin probiotics.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activities of the Cell-Free Supernatant of a Potential Probiotic Cutibacterium acnes Strain CCSM0331, Isolated From a Healthy Skin","authors":"Li Shao, Jieyan Huang, Yan Li, Laiji Ma, Yujie Niu, Wen Jiang, Chunying Yuan, Tianming Bai, Suzhen Yang","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxidative stress activates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excessive ROS can damage skin cells, initiating oxidative stress responses that contribute to inflammation, aging, and other skin issues. As a resident skin bacterium, <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> (<i>C. acnes</i>) plays an important role in maintaining skin homeostasis and provides antioxidant benefits. However, the metabolite components and mechanisms of <i>C. acnes</i> exerting antioxidant activity are not yet clear. This study aimed to analyze the potential antioxidant effects of <i>C. acnes</i> cell-free supernatant and the mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The antioxidant effects were evaluated by measuring the scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) (ABTS) radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, as well as the effects on ROS levels in menadione-induced primary human keratinocytes in vitro. Additionally, western blot analysis was performed to assess the antioxidant effects of the <i>C. acnes</i> CCSM0331 cell-free supernatant (CFS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>C. acnes</i> CCSM0331 was isolated from the facial skin of healthy individuals. This strain, classified as type II, is associated with healthy skin. The CFS of strain CCSM0331 contained various short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), exhibiting strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities, thus demonstrating substantial antioxidant activity. In a reactive oxygen species model induced by menadione in primary human keratinocytes, the addition of 5% of the fermentation supernatant from this strain significantly reduced ROS levels, indicating a notable ROS-scavenging effect. Western blot analysis further confirmed that the CCSM0331 fermentation supernatant activated the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 proteins, thereby activating the Nrf-2 oxidative stress pathway and exerting antioxidant effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>C. acnes</i> CCSM0331 is a promising skin probiotic with notable antioxidant properties. The activity of this strain exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity, suggesting its potential application in the development of antiaging products. This study provides theoretical support for the screening of functional skin bacteria or skin probiotics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent decades, our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of skin photoaging has improved considerably, thereby enhancing preventive and management strategies. The bibliometric analysis demonstrates the chronological trends of publications, highlighting the most influential studies related to skin photoaging.
Objective
This study aims to identify and analyze the top 100 most-cited articles related to skin photoaging to offer bibliometric information.
Methods
The Web of Science database was searched to obtain publications on skin photoaging. Information from the top 100 most-cited articles was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and VOSviewer (version 1.6.18).
Results
The top 100 most-cited articles on skin photoaging received a total of 23 925 citations and an average of 239 citations per article. The top most-cited article received 1019 citations and 30.88 citations per article. The publication year ranged from 1995 to 2010, with a peak period of top publications between 2001 and 2005. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology and the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology published the largest number of top-cited articles. The articles originated from nine different countries, with The United States as the highest contributor. Fisher GJ was the most productive first author from the University of Michigan in the United States and published a total of three articles. A total of 62 keywords were included and grouped into three clusters: ‘matrix metalloproteinase’, ‘collagen’ and ‘radiation’. The article types include only reviews and original articles. Prevention and treatment-related studies were the most common research focus, followed by pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features and screening methods.
Conclusion
This bibliometric analysis on skin photoaging demonstrated a major upward trend in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging, which provides a foundation for future research.
{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most-Cited Articles on Skin Photoaging","authors":"Yan Teng, Hui Tang, Yibin Fan, Jianhua You","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent decades, our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of skin photoaging has improved considerably, thereby enhancing preventive and management strategies. The bibliometric analysis demonstrates the chronological trends of publications, highlighting the most influential studies related to skin photoaging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to identify and analyze the top 100 most-cited articles related to skin photoaging to offer bibliometric information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Web of Science database was searched to obtain publications on skin photoaging. Information from the top 100 most-cited articles was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and VOSviewer (version 1.6.18).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The top 100 most-cited articles on skin photoaging received a total of 23 925 citations and an average of 239 citations per article. The top most-cited article received 1019 citations and 30.88 citations per article. The publication year ranged from 1995 to 2010, with a peak period of top publications between 2001 and 2005. <i>The Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i> and the <i>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</i> published the largest number of top-cited articles. The articles originated from nine different countries, with The United States as the highest contributor. Fisher GJ was the most productive first author from the University of Michigan in the United States and published a total of three articles. A total of 62 keywords were included and grouped into three clusters: ‘matrix metalloproteinase’, ‘collagen’ and ‘radiation’. The article types include only reviews and original articles. Prevention and treatment-related studies were the most common research focus, followed by pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features and screening methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This bibliometric analysis on skin photoaging demonstrated a major upward trend in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging, which provides a foundation for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperpigmentation is a common acquired disorder that can be a cosmetic concern for many individuals. To reduce and prevent hyperpigmentation, numerous skin lightening agents have been developed. Potassium 4-methoxysalicylate (4MSK) is a skin lightening agent that was approved as an active skin lightening ingredient of quasi-drugs by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan in 2003. For over 20 years, 4MSK has been widely used in quasi-drug and cosmetic products. However, the mechanism of action and efficacy of 4MSK on skin pigmentation and skin lightness have not been publicly reported.
Aims
This study aimed to assess the mechanism of action and the efficacy of 4MSK on facial pigmentation.
Methods
The mechanism of action of 4MSK on epidermal cells was investigated using human melanocytes, human keratinocytes, and human 3D epidermal equivalents. The efficacy of 4MSK on facial pigmentation was evaluated by a human clinical study, which is a double-blind, split-face, placebo-controlled, paired-design study.
Results
4MSK significantly suppressed melanin content in cultured human melanocytes and a 3D epidermal equivalent. It also promoted gene expression of differentiation markers of human keratinocytes. In the clinical study, a 4MSK formulation significantly increased skin lightness values in both pigmented and non-pigmented areas of cheek skin. In addition, it reduced the desquamation area ratio of the cheek.
Conclusions
4MSK reduces skin pigmentation and contributes to brighter skin by acting on both melanocytes and keratinocytes.
{"title":"Potassium 4-Methoxysalicylate (4MSK) Exerts a Skin Lightening Effect by Acting on Melanocytes and Keratinocytes","authors":"Yutaka Shirasugi, Takako Shibata, Saaya Koike, Masao Hara, Kiyotaka Hasegawa, Masato Iino, Aska Sonoki, Yoko Funasaka","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperpigmentation is a common acquired disorder that can be a cosmetic concern for many individuals. To reduce and prevent hyperpigmentation, numerous skin lightening agents have been developed. Potassium 4-methoxysalicylate (4MSK) is a skin lightening agent that was approved as an active skin lightening ingredient of quasi-drugs by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan in 2003. For over 20 years, 4MSK has been widely used in quasi-drug and cosmetic products. However, the mechanism of action and efficacy of 4MSK on skin pigmentation and skin lightness have not been publicly reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the mechanism of action and the efficacy of 4MSK on facial pigmentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mechanism of action of 4MSK on epidermal cells was investigated using human melanocytes, human keratinocytes, and human 3D epidermal equivalents. The efficacy of 4MSK on facial pigmentation was evaluated by a human clinical study, which is a double-blind, split-face, placebo-controlled, paired-design study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4MSK significantly suppressed melanin content in cultured human melanocytes and a 3D epidermal equivalent. It also promoted gene expression of differentiation markers of human keratinocytes. In the clinical study, a 4MSK formulation significantly increased skin lightness values in both pigmented and non-pigmented areas of cheek skin. In addition, it reduced the desquamation area ratio of the cheek.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4MSK reduces skin pigmentation and contributes to brighter skin by acting on both melanocytes and keratinocytes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahriar Nazari, Nima Hadadian, Foroohe Bayat, Mohammad Reza Pourani, Cristina Muñoz-Gonzalez, Nabil Fakih-Gomez
<p>Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an exotoxin generated by the Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>. Among the seven serotypes of this toxin (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G), serotypes A and B are utilized in clinical practice [<span>1</span>]. BoNT functions as a neurotoxin by binding to presynaptic neurons, thereby preventing the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This action results in the paralysis of striated muscles for a period of 3–6 months. Overall, BoNT is considered safe, with mild and transient side effects [<span>2</span>].</p><p>BoNT is employed across various medical specialties, including neurology (e.g., torticollis, dystonic tics, spastic dystonia), ophthalmology (e.g., strabismus, blepharospasms, corneal astigmatism), dermatology (e.g., hyperhidrosis, rosacea, scar prevention), urology, and gynecology [<span>3</span>]. In cosmetic medicine, BoNT is indicated for treating facial wrinkles such as crow's feet, glabellar lines, perioral lines, forehead lines, gummy smiles, and masseter hypertrophy. Notably, emerging applications include the treatment of parotid gland hypertrophy for aesthetic purposes [<span>4</span>]. Additionally, recent therapeutic uses of BoNT encompass eccrine hidrocystomas, enlarged pores, keloids, hypertrophic scars, hidradenitis suppurativa, salivary gland hypertrophy, and hair regrowth [<span>5</span>].</p><p>Interestingly, in animal models, BoNT administration has been shown to increase the survival of various types of flaps [<span>6</span>]. Furthermore, BoNT induces vasodilation and reduces thrombosis in arteries and veins [<span>6</span>]. Several studies have also reported the efficacy of BoNT in treating Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) [<span>7</span>].</p><p>This case series provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of BoNT on vascular diameter in a selected cohort of five patients. The investigation aims to explore the immediate effects on vascular diameter, delving into the broader implications for therapeutic strategies involving BoNT in vascular ischemia.</p><p>The study included patients without cognitive impairments or psychiatric pathologies, following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were excluded if they had known allergies to botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), human albumin, or presented with generalized muscular diseases, infections, or inflammation in the treatment area. Additional exclusion factors included conditions affecting the stomatognathic system, such as trigeminal neuralgia, signs of ptosis, or any pathological decrease in muscle activity. Those who had undergone recent upper-third facial surgeries or aesthetic treatments with BoNT-A within the past 6 months were also excluded. The study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki (1996) and good clinical practice.</p><p>At baseline, we measured the diameter and velocity of the supratrochlear arteries using the Clarius L20 (Clarius Mobile Health, Canada) handheld
{"title":"The Effects of Botulinum Toxin on Vascular Diameter: A Preliminary Report","authors":"Shahriar Nazari, Nima Hadadian, Foroohe Bayat, Mohammad Reza Pourani, Cristina Muñoz-Gonzalez, Nabil Fakih-Gomez","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an exotoxin generated by the Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>. Among the seven serotypes of this toxin (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G), serotypes A and B are utilized in clinical practice [<span>1</span>]. BoNT functions as a neurotoxin by binding to presynaptic neurons, thereby preventing the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This action results in the paralysis of striated muscles for a period of 3–6 months. Overall, BoNT is considered safe, with mild and transient side effects [<span>2</span>].</p><p>BoNT is employed across various medical specialties, including neurology (e.g., torticollis, dystonic tics, spastic dystonia), ophthalmology (e.g., strabismus, blepharospasms, corneal astigmatism), dermatology (e.g., hyperhidrosis, rosacea, scar prevention), urology, and gynecology [<span>3</span>]. In cosmetic medicine, BoNT is indicated for treating facial wrinkles such as crow's feet, glabellar lines, perioral lines, forehead lines, gummy smiles, and masseter hypertrophy. Notably, emerging applications include the treatment of parotid gland hypertrophy for aesthetic purposes [<span>4</span>]. Additionally, recent therapeutic uses of BoNT encompass eccrine hidrocystomas, enlarged pores, keloids, hypertrophic scars, hidradenitis suppurativa, salivary gland hypertrophy, and hair regrowth [<span>5</span>].</p><p>Interestingly, in animal models, BoNT administration has been shown to increase the survival of various types of flaps [<span>6</span>]. Furthermore, BoNT induces vasodilation and reduces thrombosis in arteries and veins [<span>6</span>]. Several studies have also reported the efficacy of BoNT in treating Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) [<span>7</span>].</p><p>This case series provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of BoNT on vascular diameter in a selected cohort of five patients. The investigation aims to explore the immediate effects on vascular diameter, delving into the broader implications for therapeutic strategies involving BoNT in vascular ischemia.</p><p>The study included patients without cognitive impairments or psychiatric pathologies, following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were excluded if they had known allergies to botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), human albumin, or presented with generalized muscular diseases, infections, or inflammation in the treatment area. Additional exclusion factors included conditions affecting the stomatognathic system, such as trigeminal neuralgia, signs of ptosis, or any pathological decrease in muscle activity. Those who had undergone recent upper-third facial surgeries or aesthetic treatments with BoNT-A within the past 6 months were also excluded. The study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki (1996) and good clinical practice.</p><p>At baseline, we measured the diameter and velocity of the supratrochlear arteries using the Clarius L20 (Clarius Mobile Health, Canada) handheld","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, which is dark pigmentation that occurs after skin inflammation or injury, disproportionately affects individuals with skin of color (SOC), both more frequently and in severity [<span>1, 2</span>]. In recent years, the skincare industry has seen social media platforms like TikTok become influential hubs for dermatological advice, with users turning to online content creators for advice on managing hyperpigmentation [<span>3</span>]. This trend toward self-treatment is driven by the accessibility of over-the-counter products and the influence of online content creators, with one in five adults consulting TikTok for health solutions before seeing a doctor [<span>4</span>]. However, this rapid dissemination of information raises concerns about the quality, safety, and accuracy of online advice and self-administered treatments [<span>5</span>]. Therefore, in this study, we examine TikTok content related to managing hyperpigmentation in skin of color and assess the quality of this content using the DISCERN scale.</p><p>To assess the content landscape on TikTok regarding the management of hyperpigmentation in SOC, the mobile application TikTok was utilized to search for the top 50 videos tagged with “#hyperpigmentation” from March 28, 2024, to May 14, 2024. TikTok videos retrieved were screened by two independent reviewers (MS and LK) for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Videos selected for our study included those that addressed the management of hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color, created by both health professionals and non-health professional content creators. Videos excluded from the study were those irrelevant to SOC or hyperpigmentation, created solely for entertainment purposes, in languages other than English, or duplicates. After reviewing the videos, demographic data such as creator type, content type, number of views, likes, comments, saves, and shares were collected. The two independent reviewers then assessed the top 50 videos using the DISCERN instrument, a validated questionnaire, consisting of 16 questions, distributed across three sections: reliability, quality, and overall score, to evaluate the quality of health information (Table 1) [<span>6</span>]. Scoring on the DISCERN scale ranges from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better quality information [<span>6</span>].</p><p>The top 50 TikTok videos tagged with “#hyperpigmentation” had an average DISCERN score of 2.83 (±0.74) and were predominantly produced by non-medical content creators, who accounted for 76% (38/50) of the videos, followed by physician dermatologists at 14% (7/50), and the remaining 10% (5/50) by other types of health professional creators (Table 2). Among the top 50 videos analyzed, 70% (35/50) of the videos were personal experiences from non-medical content creators who shared skincare routines they found effective in reducing hyperpigmentation. These routines featured over-the-counter and homemade facial
{"title":"Analysis of TikTok Content on Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Color","authors":"Mya Stolarski, Bianca Sanabria, Lautina Kwarteng, Babar Rao","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, which is dark pigmentation that occurs after skin inflammation or injury, disproportionately affects individuals with skin of color (SOC), both more frequently and in severity [<span>1, 2</span>]. In recent years, the skincare industry has seen social media platforms like TikTok become influential hubs for dermatological advice, with users turning to online content creators for advice on managing hyperpigmentation [<span>3</span>]. This trend toward self-treatment is driven by the accessibility of over-the-counter products and the influence of online content creators, with one in five adults consulting TikTok for health solutions before seeing a doctor [<span>4</span>]. However, this rapid dissemination of information raises concerns about the quality, safety, and accuracy of online advice and self-administered treatments [<span>5</span>]. Therefore, in this study, we examine TikTok content related to managing hyperpigmentation in skin of color and assess the quality of this content using the DISCERN scale.</p><p>To assess the content landscape on TikTok regarding the management of hyperpigmentation in SOC, the mobile application TikTok was utilized to search for the top 50 videos tagged with “#hyperpigmentation” from March 28, 2024, to May 14, 2024. TikTok videos retrieved were screened by two independent reviewers (MS and LK) for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Videos selected for our study included those that addressed the management of hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color, created by both health professionals and non-health professional content creators. Videos excluded from the study were those irrelevant to SOC or hyperpigmentation, created solely for entertainment purposes, in languages other than English, or duplicates. After reviewing the videos, demographic data such as creator type, content type, number of views, likes, comments, saves, and shares were collected. The two independent reviewers then assessed the top 50 videos using the DISCERN instrument, a validated questionnaire, consisting of 16 questions, distributed across three sections: reliability, quality, and overall score, to evaluate the quality of health information (Table 1) [<span>6</span>]. Scoring on the DISCERN scale ranges from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better quality information [<span>6</span>].</p><p>The top 50 TikTok videos tagged with “#hyperpigmentation” had an average DISCERN score of 2.83 (±0.74) and were predominantly produced by non-medical content creators, who accounted for 76% (38/50) of the videos, followed by physician dermatologists at 14% (7/50), and the remaining 10% (5/50) by other types of health professional creators (Table 2). Among the top 50 videos analyzed, 70% (35/50) of the videos were personal experiences from non-medical content creators who shared skincare routines they found effective in reducing hyperpigmentation. These routines featured over-the-counter and homemade facial","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial thread lifting, which is popular in aesthetic medicine because of its minimal invasiveness, has led to advancements in the use of biodegradable polymers such as poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LA/CL)) and its hyaluronic acid-coated variant (P(LA/CL)-HA). These developments enhance biocompatibility and efficacy, offering prolonged benefits through better biostimulation and tissue integration.
Methods
A controlled experiment involving five 4-month-old female pigs compared the effectiveness of P(LA/CL) and P(LA/CL)-HA threads over six months. After being implanted into the subcutaneous layer parallel to the skin of each pig, the threads were evaluated through histological analysis at intervals (7, 21, 30, 90, and 180 days) to assess changes in dermal and hypodermal structures, collagen types, elastin levels, and tissue integration via stains such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Weigert-Van Gieson, and Sirius Red.
Results
P(LA/CL) and P(LA/CL)-HA threads significantly led to dermal and hypodermal remodeling. By day 180, a comparative analysis via the Wilcoxon test revealed that P(LA/CL)-HA significantly outperformed P(LA/CL) in most histological indicators because of the biostimulatory effects of hyaluronic acid.
Conclusions
Our study investigated the effects of two types of bioabsorbable threads, P(LA/CL) and P(LA/CL)-HA, on skin remodeling over 180 days in a porcine model. These results highlight the significant role of thread composition in tissue remodeling and suggest that incorporating HA could optimize therapeutic and aesthetic outcomes. Further clinical research is necessary to confirm these findings in human subjects.
{"title":"Efficacy of Lifting Threads Composed of Poly(L-Lactide-Co-ε-Caprolactone) Copolymers Coated With Hyaluronic Acid: A Long-Term Study on Biorevitalizing Properties in Skin Remodeling","authors":"Pavel Burko, George Sulamanidze, Dmitriy Nikishin","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Facial thread lifting, which is popular in aesthetic medicine because of its minimal invasiveness, has led to advancements in the use of biodegradable polymers such as poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LA/CL)) and its hyaluronic acid-coated variant (P(LA/CL)-HA). These developments enhance biocompatibility and efficacy, offering prolonged benefits through better biostimulation and tissue integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A controlled experiment involving five 4-month-old female pigs compared the effectiveness of P(LA/CL) and P(LA/CL)-HA threads over six months. After being implanted into the subcutaneous layer parallel to the skin of each pig, the threads were evaluated through histological analysis at intervals (7, 21, 30, 90, and 180 days) to assess changes in dermal and hypodermal structures, collagen types, elastin levels, and tissue integration via stains such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Weigert-Van Gieson, and Sirius Red.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P(LA/CL) and P(LA/CL)-HA threads significantly led to dermal and hypodermal remodeling. By day 180, a comparative analysis via the Wilcoxon test revealed that P(LA/CL)-HA significantly outperformed P(LA/CL) in most histological indicators because of the biostimulatory effects of hyaluronic acid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study investigated the effects of two types of bioabsorbable threads, P(LA/CL) and P(LA/CL)-HA, on skin remodeling over 180 days in a porcine model. These results highlight the significant role of thread composition in tissue remodeling and suggest that incorporating HA could optimize therapeutic and aesthetic outcomes. Further clinical research is necessary to confirm these findings in human subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiangbo Cui, Yu Zhang, Zhengqiang Cang, Chaohua Liu, Jiao Cao, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Xing Fan, Xi Zhang, Baoqiang Song, Yang Li
Background
Sub-brow blepharoplasty (SBB) has emerged as one of the primary methods for addressing periorbital aging among East Asian women in recent years. Numerous surgeons have continued to refine and innovate this technique; however, challenges remain in maintaining the stability of surgical outcomes and addressing issues such as abnormal postoperative eyelid wrinkles.
Objective
This study aims to conduct a prospective clinical investigation to demonstrate that improvements in SBB techniques can lead to enhanced postoperative eyelid morphology and sustained long-term results.
Method
Between September 2021 and September 2022, we included 72 female patients who underwent the modified SBB procedure. In addition to recording baseline data prior to surgery, we evaluated surgical outcomes postoperatively using both subjective and objective items.
Result
The average age of the patients was 47.69 years, with a median grade of 2 for upper eyelid skin laxity. The mean length of excised tissue was 44.72 mm, while the average width was 9.66 mm. No significant differences were observed in the vertical distance from the superior brow edge to the center of the pupil at 6 and 12 months postoperation, measured at the inner edge of the iris, the center of the pupil, and the lateral canthus. Similarly, the GAIS scores showed no significant differences at 6 and 12 months postoperation.
Conclusion
In this study, the improved SBB technique successfully reduced or eliminated abnormal postoperative eyelid creases, ensuring stable outcomes and an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
{"title":"Effect of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Suspension Combined With Overlap in Modified Sub-Brow Blepharoplasty: A Prospective Study","authors":"Jiangbo Cui, Yu Zhang, Zhengqiang Cang, Chaohua Liu, Jiao Cao, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Xing Fan, Xi Zhang, Baoqiang Song, Yang Li","doi":"10.1111/jocd.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sub-brow blepharoplasty (SBB) has emerged as one of the primary methods for addressing periorbital aging among East Asian women in recent years. Numerous surgeons have continued to refine and innovate this technique; however, challenges remain in maintaining the stability of surgical outcomes and addressing issues such as abnormal postoperative eyelid wrinkles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to conduct a prospective clinical investigation to demonstrate that improvements in SBB techniques can lead to enhanced postoperative eyelid morphology and sustained long-term results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between September 2021 and September 2022, we included 72 female patients who underwent the modified SBB procedure. In addition to recording baseline data prior to surgery, we evaluated surgical outcomes postoperatively using both subjective and objective items.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average age of the patients was 47.69 years, with a median grade of 2 for upper eyelid skin laxity. The mean length of excised tissue was 44.72 mm, while the average width was 9.66 mm. No significant differences were observed in the vertical distance from the superior brow edge to the center of the pupil at 6 and 12 months postoperation, measured at the inner edge of the iris, the center of the pupil, and the lateral canthus. Similarly, the GAIS scores showed no significant differences at 6 and 12 months postoperation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, the improved SBB technique successfully reduced or eliminated abnormal postoperative eyelid creases, ensuring stable outcomes and an aesthetically pleasing appearance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocd.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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