The Use and Productivity of Visual Aids as Retrieval Support in Police Interviews of Preschool-Aged Victims of Abuse

IF 1.7 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI:10.1007/s11896-023-09627-w
Miriam S. Johnson, Martine Stordrange Hyvik, Ida Caroline Bråthen, Svein Magnussen, Rolf Magnus Grung, Ragnhild Klingenberg Røed, Are Hugo Pripp, Gunn Astrid Baugerud
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Abstract

Professional use of external retrieval cues, such as various types of visual aids, has been utilized in investigative interviews of children for decades based on the assumption that aids can facilitate children’s recollection of abusive incidents. Although analog studies and surveys have provided insight into various aspects of visual aid utilization, there is a scarcity of field studies that addresses the use of visual aids in large samples of authentic investigative interviews of preschool-aged children. In the present study, the use and productivity of visual aids were examined in 140 investigative interviews of 3- to 6-year-old children, all of whom disclosed abuse in cases that progressed to prosecution. The exploratory analyses focused on the overall use of visual aids, the types of questions posed along with visual aids when the interviewer directly asks questions regarding the investigated incident(s), and the extent to which the children provided forensically relevant information in response to questions used along with visual aids. It was found that visual aids were utilized to elicit information regarding the investigated incident(s) in 92% (n = 129) of the interviews, with emotion cards and drawing materials being the most common aids used. The highest proportion of questions asked alongside visual aids were directive (41.6%) and option-posing (37.3%) questions, followed by suggestive questions (17.9%), and a rather low proportion of open-ended invitations (3.2%). In addition to visual aids, open-ended invitations elicited the most forensically relevant information from the interviewees. The need for standardized guidelines and specialized training for the use of visual aids in investigative interviews of young children is discussed.

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警方在询问学龄前虐待受害者时使用视觉辅助工具作为检索支持的情况和效率
数十年来,在对儿童进行调查访谈时,专业人员一直在使用外部检索线索,如各种类型的视觉辅助工具,其依据是辅助工具可以帮助儿童回忆虐待事件。虽然模拟研究和调查对视觉辅助工具使用的各个方面都有深入的了解,但很少有实地研究是针对学龄前儿童的大样本真实调查访谈中视觉辅助工具的使用情况的。在本研究中,我们在对 140 名 3-6 岁儿童进行的调查访谈中考察了视觉辅助工具的使用情况和效率。探索性分析的重点是直观教具的总体使用情况、访谈者就调查事件直接提问时与直观教具一起提出的问题类型,以及儿童在回答与直观教具一起使用的问题时提供法医相关信息的程度。结果发现,在 92% 的访谈(n = 129)中,使用了视觉辅助工具来获取有关调查事件的信息,其中情感卡片和绘画材料是最常用的辅助工具。与直观教具同时提出的问题中,指令性问题(41.6%)和选择性问题(37.3%)所占比例最高,其次是暗示性问题(17.9%),而开放式问题(3.2%)所占比例较低。除直观教具外,开放式提问从受访者那里获得的法医相关信息最多。本文讨论了在对幼儿进行调查访谈时使用视觉辅助工具的标准化指南和专门培训的必要性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
6.20%
发文量
62
期刊介绍: The Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology is a peer-reviewed journal that reports research findings regarding the theory, practice and application of psychological issues in the criminal justice context, namely law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The Journal encourages submissions focusing on Police Psychology including personnel assessment, therapeutic methods, training, ethics and effective organizational operation. The Journal also welcomes articles that focus on criminal behavior and the application of psychology to effective correctional practices and facilitating recovery among victims of crime. Consumers of and contributors to this body of research include psychologists, criminologists, sociologists, legal experts, social workers, and other professionals representing various facets of the criminal justice system, both domestic and international.
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