Decentralized Storage with Access Control and Data Persistence for e-Book Stores

IF 2.8 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Future Internet Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI:10.3390/fi15120406

Keigo Ogata, Satoshi Fujita

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Abstract

The e-book services we use today have a serious drawback in that we will no longer be able to read the books we have purchased when the service is terminated. One way to solve this problem is to build a decentralized system that does not depend on a specific company or organization by combining smart contracts running on the Ethereum blockchain and distributed storage such as an IPFS. However, a simple combination of existing technologies does not make the stored e-book data persistent, so the risk of purchased e-books becoming unreadable remains. In this paper, we propose a decentralized distributed storage called d-book-repository, which has both access management function and data durability for purchased e-books. This system uses NFTs as access rights to realize strict access control by preventing clients who do not have NFTs from downloading e-book data. In addition, e-book data stored on storage nodes in the distributed storage is divided into shards using Reed–Solomon codes, and each storage node stores only a single shard, thereby preventing the creation of nodes that can restore the entire content from locally stored data. The storage of each shard is not handled by a single node but by a group of nodes, and the shard is propagated to all nodes in the group using the gossip protocol, where erasure codes are utilized to increase the resilience against node departure. Furthermore, an incentive mechanism to encourage participation as a storage node is implemented using smart contracts. We built a prototype of the proposed system on AWS and evaluated its performance. The results showed that both downloading and uploading 100 MB of e-book data (equivalent to one comic book) were completed within 10 s using an instance type of m5.xlarge. This value is only 1.3 s longer for downloading and 2.2 s longer for uploading than the time required for a simple download/upload without access control, confirming that the overhead associated with the proposed method is sufficiently small.

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为电子书商店提供具有访问控制和数据持久性的分散式存储

我们现在使用的电子书服务有一个严重的缺点，那就是当服务终止时，我们将无法再阅读自己购买的书籍。解决这一问题的方法之一是通过将运行在以太坊区块链上的智能合约与 IPFS 等分布式存储相结合，建立一个不依赖于特定公司或组织的去中心化系统。然而，现有技术的简单组合并不能使存储的电子书数据持久化，因此购买的电子书变得不可读的风险依然存在。在本文中，我们提出了一种名为 d-book-repository 的去中心化分布式存储系统，它同时具有访问管理功能和所购电子书的数据持久性。该系统使用 NFT 作为访问权限，防止没有 NFT 的客户端下载电子书数据，从而实现严格的访问控制。此外，分布式存储中存储在存储节点上的电子书数据使用里德-所罗门码分割成碎片，每个存储节点只存储一个碎片，从而防止出现可以从本地存储的数据中还原全部内容的节点。每个分片的存储不是由单个节点而是由一组节点来处理，分片通过流言协议传播给组内的所有节点，流言协议中使用了擦除码来提高对节点离开的恢复能力。此外，我们还利用智能合约实施了一种激励机制，以鼓励作为存储节点的参与。我们在 AWS 上构建了拟议系统的原型，并对其性能进行了评估。结果显示，使用 m5.xlarge 实例类型，下载和上传 100 MB 的电子书数据（相当于一本漫画书）均在 10 秒内完成。与没有访问控制的简单下载/上传所需的时间相比，下载仅需 1.3 秒，上传仅需 2.2 秒。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Future Internet Computer Science-Computer Networks and Communications

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

5.90%

发文量

303

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Future Internet is a scholarly open access journal which provides an advanced forum for science and research concerned with evolution of Internet technologies and related smart systems for “Net-Living” development. The general reference subject is therefore the evolution towards the future internet ecosystem, which is feeding a continuous, intensive, artificial transformation of the lived environment, for a widespread and significant improvement of well-being in all spheres of human life (private, public, professional). Included topics are: • advanced communications network infrastructures • evolution of internet basic services • internet of things • netted peripheral sensors • industrial internet • centralized and distributed data centers • embedded computing • cloud computing • software defined network functions and network virtualization • cloud-let and fog-computing • big data, open data and analytical tools • cyber-physical systems • network and distributed operating systems • web services • semantic structures and related software tools • artificial and augmented intelligence • augmented reality • system interoperability and flexible service composition • smart mission-critical system architectures • smart terminals and applications • pro-sumer tools for application design and development • cyber security compliance • privacy compliance • reliability compliance • dependability compliance • accountability compliance • trust compliance • technical quality of basic services.