“African Opinions” at the Brazzaville Conference: Evolué Politics, Representation, and the Future of French Colonialism in Africa

Danielle Porter Sanchez
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Abstract

This article focuses on the essays that évolués wrote and Félix Eboué presented to participants at the Brazzaville Conference in 1944 and specifically analyzes how this group of elite Africans understood and participated in debates on citizenship, empire, and rights and how they articulated their arguments about the future of French colonialism to the most important decision-makers in the francophone world. For these évolué writers, the continuation of French colonialism was a necessity with no immediate end in sight. Their arguments, which ranged from expanded citizenship rights for elites to the dangers of assimilation, captured the fraught social, political, economic, and intellectual landscapes of wartime French colonial Africa. As a result, their letters tell us a great deal about both not only their beliefs and desires for the future but also the nature of reform that Félix Eboué felt comfortable sharing at the Brazzaville Conference with other colonial administrators and stakeholders in 1944.
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布拉柴维尔会议上的 "非洲观点":演变政治、代表性和法国殖民主义在非洲的未来
这篇文章的重点是évolués作家撰写的文章和费利克斯-埃布埃(Félix Eboué)在1944年布拉柴维尔会议上向与会者发表的文章,并具体分析了这群非洲精英如何理解和参与关于公民权、帝国和权利的辩论,以及他们如何向法语世界最重要的决策者阐述他们关于法国殖民主义未来的论点。对这些作家来说,法国殖民主义的延续是一种必然,而且看不到马上结束的迹象。他们的论点从扩大精英的公民权利到同化的危险不一而足,反映了战时法属殖民地非洲充满争议的社会、政治、经济和思想状况。因此,他们的书信不仅向我们展示了他们的信念和对未来的渴望,还向我们展示了费利克斯-埃布埃在 1944 年布拉柴维尔会议上与其他殖民地管理者和利益相关者分享的改革性质。
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