Practical recommendations for safe reduction of body weight in combat sports: scoping review

A. G. Antonov, P. D. Rybakova, V. D. Vybornov, A. Miroshnikov, R. Khanferyan, M. Korosteleva
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Abstract

The presence of weight categories in martial arts requires an athlete to constantly maintain and control body weight and, in some cases, to reduce it. For this reason, it is common among martial artists to use forced methods of body weight reduction, which are often unphysiological and may have a negative impact on performance, as well as pose a danger to health. In this connection, it is of practical interest to search, analyse and introduce into practice physiological and safe methods of body weight reduction by athletes-athletes before participation in competitions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of various methods of weight loss in athletes preparing to participate in competitions.Materials and methods: the review was conducted according to the methodology of Scoping review. Articles were selected in the domestic data-bases eLibrary and Russian State Library, using the following keywords: «методы снижения массы тела ИЛИ снижение массы тела ИЛИ весогонка» И «единоборства ИЛИ боевые виды спорта», as well as in the foreign databases ScienceDirect and PubMed, using the following keywords: «making weight OR weight loss» AND «combat sports», placed in a search depth of 15 years.Results: we found 121 studies, 3 duplicates were excluded after initial screening, 118 studies were screened for inclusion criteria, and a total of 16 studies were included in the review.Conclusion: a reduction of 5 to 10 % of body weight less than 7 days before the official weigh-in may adversely affect performance parameters and the state of the body’s functional systems. A reduction of up to 5 % of body weight 7 or more days before the official weigh-in is the safest.
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关于在格斗运动中安全减轻体重的实用建议:范围审查
武术中存在体重类别,这就要求运动员不断保持和控制体重,有时还需要减轻体重。因此,武术运动员普遍采用强制减轻体重的方法,这种方法往往不符合生理规律,可能会对成绩产生负面影响,并对健康造成危害。因此,寻找、分析和引进运动员在参加比赛前减轻体重的生理和安全方法具有现实意义。本研究的目的是评估准备参加比赛的运动员采用各种减肥方法的安全性和有效性。材料与方法:本综述按照范围综述的方法进行。在国内数据库 eLibrary 和俄罗斯国家图书馆中使用以下关键词选取文章:"методы снижения массы тела ИЛИ снижение массы тела ИЛИ весогонка" И "единоборства ИЛИ боевые виды спорта", 以及国外数据库 ScienceDirect 和 PubMed,使用以下关键词:"结果:我们找到了 121 项研究,初步筛选后排除了 3 项重复研究,根据纳入标准筛选了 118 项研究,共有 16 项研究被纳入综述。结论:在正式称重前 7 天内减少 5%至 10%的体重可能会对成绩参数和身体功能系统状态产生不利影响。在正式称重前 7 天或更早减少体重 5%是最安全的。
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