Influence of Hematocrit Level and Integrin αIIbβIII Function on vWF-Mediated Platelet Adhesion and Shear-Induced Platelet Aggregation in a Sudden Expansion

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Cellular and molecular bioengineering Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI:10.1007/s12195-024-00796-0
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Abstract

Purpose

Shear-mediated thrombosis is a clinically relevant phenomenon that underlies excessive arterial thrombosis and device-induced thrombosis. Red blood cells are known to mechanically contribute to physiological hemostasis through margination of platelets and vWF, facilitating the unfurling of vWF multimers, and increasing the fraction of thrombus-contacting platelets. Shear also plays a role in this phenomenon, increasing both the degree of margination and the near-wall forces experienced by vWF and platelets leading to unfurling and activation. Despite this, the contribution of red blood cells in shear-induced platelet aggregation has not been fully investigated—specifically the effect of elevated hematocrit has not yet been demonstrated.

Methods

Here, a microfluidic model of a sudden expansion is presented as a platform for investigating platelet adhesion at hematocrits ranging from 0 to 60% and shear rates ranging from 1000 to 10,000 s−1. The sudden expansion geometry models nonphysiological flow separation characteristic to mechanical circulatory support devices, and the validatory framework of the FDA benchmark nozzle. PDMS microchannels were fabricated and coated with human collagen. Platelets were fluorescently tagged, and blood was reconstituted at variable hematocrit prior to perfusion experiments. Integrin function of selected blood samples was inhibited by a blocking antibody, and platelet adhesion and aggregation over the course of perfusion was monitored.

Results

Increasing shear rates at physiological and elevated hematocrit levels facilitate robust platelet adhesion and formation of large aggregates. Shear-induced platelet aggregation is demonstrated to be dependent on both αIIbβIII function and the presence of red blood cells. Inhibition of αIIbβIII results in an 86.4% reduction in overall platelet adhesion and an 85.7% reduction in thrombus size at 20-60% hematocrit. Hematocrit levels of 20% are inadequate for effective platelet margination and subsequent vWF tethering, resulting in notable decreases in platelet adhesion at 5000 and 10,000 s-1 compared to 40% and 60%. Inhibition of αIIbβIII triggered dramatic reductions in overall thrombus coverage and large aggregate formation. Stability of platelets tethered by vWF are demonstrated to be αIIbβIII-dependent, as adhesion of single platelets treated with A2A9, an anti-αIIbβIII blocking antibody, is transient and did not lead to sustained thrombus formation.

Conclusions

This study highlights driving factors in vWF-mediated platelet adhesion that are relevant to clinical suppression of shear-induced thrombosis and in vitro assays of platelet adhesion. Primarily, increasing hematocrit promotes platelet margination, permitting shear-induced platelet aggregation through αIIbβIII-mediated adhesion at supraphysiological shear rates.

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血细胞比容水平和整合素 αⅡbβIII 功能对 vWF 介导的血小板粘附和剪切力诱导的血小板聚集的影响
摘要 目的 剪切介导的血栓形成是一种与临床相关的现象,是过度动脉血栓形成和设备诱发血栓形成的基础。众所周知,红细胞通过边缘化血小板和血管内皮生长因子,促进血管内皮生长因子多聚体的展开,并增加与血栓接触的血小板的比例,从而机械地促进生理性止血。剪切力也在这一现象中发挥作用,它增加了边缘化程度以及 vWF 和血小板经历的近壁力,从而导致展开和活化。尽管如此,红细胞在剪切力诱导的血小板聚集中的作用尚未得到充分研究,特别是血细胞比容升高的影响尚未得到证实。 方法 本文介绍了一种突然膨胀的微流控模型,该模型是研究血小板在血细胞比容为 0 至 60% 和剪切速率为 1000 至 10,000 s-1 时粘附情况的平台。骤然膨胀的几何形状模拟了机械循环支持装置的非生理性流动分离特征,以及 FDA 基准喷嘴的验证框架。制作了 PDMS 微通道,并在其表面涂上人体胶原蛋白。对血小板进行荧光标记,并在灌注实验前以不同的血细胞比容重组血液。用阻断抗体抑制选定血液样本的整合素功能,并监测灌注过程中血小板的粘附和聚集情况。 结果 在生理血细胞比容和血细胞比容升高的情况下,剪切率的增加有利于血小板的强力粘附和大聚集体的形成。剪切力诱导的血小板聚集被证明依赖于αⅡbβⅢ功能和红细胞的存在。在血细胞比容为 20%-60% 的情况下,抑制 αIIbβIII 可使血小板的整体粘附性降低 86.4%,血栓体积缩小 85.7%。20% 的血细胞比容水平不足以使血小板有效边缘化和随后的 vWF 系链化,因此,与 40% 和 60% 的血细胞比容水平相比,5000 和 10,000 s-1 的血小板粘附率明显下降。抑制αⅡbβⅢ可显著减少血栓的整体覆盖率和大聚集体的形成。用抗αⅡbβⅢ阻断抗体 A2A9 处理的单个血小板的粘附是短暂的,不会导致血栓的持续形成,因此证明了被 vWF 粘附的血小板的稳定性是αⅡbβⅢ依赖性的。 结论 本研究强调了 vWF 介导的血小板粘附的驱动因素,这些因素与剪切力诱导血栓形成的临床抑制和血小板粘附的体外试验有关。首先,提高血细胞比容可促进血小板边缘化,从而允许血小板在超生理剪切率下通过αⅡbβⅢ介导的粘附而发生剪切诱导的血小板聚集。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
3.60%
发文量
30
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The field of cellular and molecular bioengineering seeks to understand, so that we may ultimately control, the mechanical, chemical, and electrical processes of the cell. A key challenge in improving human health is to understand how cellular behavior arises from molecular-level interactions. CMBE, an official journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, publishes original research and review papers in the following seven general areas: Molecular: DNA-protein/RNA-protein interactions, protein folding and function, protein-protein and receptor-ligand interactions, lipids, polysaccharides, molecular motors, and the biophysics of macromolecules that function as therapeutics or engineered matrices, for example. Cellular: Studies of how cells sense physicochemical events surrounding and within cells, and how cells transduce these events into biological responses. Specific cell processes of interest include cell growth, differentiation, migration, signal transduction, protein secretion and transport, gene expression and regulation, and cell-matrix interactions. Mechanobiology: The mechanical properties of cells and biomolecules, cellular/molecular force generation and adhesion, the response of cells to their mechanical microenvironment, and mechanotransduction in response to various physical forces such as fluid shear stress. Nanomedicine: The engineering of nanoparticles for advanced drug delivery and molecular imaging applications, with particular focus on the interaction of such particles with living cells. Also, the application of nanostructured materials to control the behavior of cells and biomolecules.
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