Aerobic interval training preconditioning protocols inhibit isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling in rats: Implications on oxidative balance, autophagy, and apoptosis
{"title":"Aerobic interval training preconditioning protocols inhibit isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling in rats: Implications on oxidative balance, autophagy, and apoptosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic interval training (MIIT and HIIT) preconditioning. The focus was on histological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy initiation, and apoptosis in myocardial tissue incited by isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling (ISO-induced PCR). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (<em>n</em> = 6), ISO (<em>n</em> = 8), MIIT (<em>n</em> = 4), HIIT (<em>n</em> = 4), MIIT + ISO (<em>n</em> = 8), and HIIT + ISO (<em>n</em> = 8) groups. The MIIT and HIIT protocols were administered for 10 weeks, followed by the induction of cardiac remodeling using subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg/kg for two consecutive days). Alterations in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), myocardial oxygen consumption (M<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub>), cardiac hypertrophy, histopathological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1, Atg7, p62, LC3 I/II), and apoptotic cell distribution were measured. The findings revealed that the MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups demonstrated diminished myocardial damage, hemorrhage, immune cell infiltration, edema, necrosis, and apoptosis compared to ISO-induced rats. MIIT and HIIT preconditioning mitigated HR, enhanced MAP, and preserved M<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O<sub>2</sub> and RPP. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance was sustained in both MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups, with MIIT primarily inhibiting pro-apoptotic autophagy progression through maintaining pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and HIIT promoting pro-survival autophagy. The results demonstrated the beneficial effects of both MIIT and HIIT as AITs preconditioning in ameliorating ISO-induced PCR by improving exercise capacity, hemodynamic parameters, and histopathological changes. Some of these protective effects can be attributed to the modulation of cardiac apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000106/pdfft?md5=ab7acf9bc48a176885639c1f988830e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000106-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000106","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic interval training (MIIT and HIIT) preconditioning. The focus was on histological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy initiation, and apoptosis in myocardial tissue incited by isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling (ISO-induced PCR). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (n = 6), ISO (n = 8), MIIT (n = 4), HIIT (n = 4), MIIT + ISO (n = 8), and HIIT + ISO (n = 8) groups. The MIIT and HIIT protocols were administered for 10 weeks, followed by the induction of cardiac remodeling using subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg/kg for two consecutive days). Alterations in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), myocardial oxygen consumption (MO2), cardiac hypertrophy, histopathological changes, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, autophagy biomarkers (Beclin-1, Atg7, p62, LC3 I/II), and apoptotic cell distribution were measured. The findings revealed that the MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups demonstrated diminished myocardial damage, hemorrhage, immune cell infiltration, edema, necrosis, and apoptosis compared to ISO-induced rats. MIIT and HIIT preconditioning mitigated HR, enhanced MAP, and preserved MO2 and RPP. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance was sustained in both MIIT + ISO and HIIT + ISO groups, with MIIT primarily inhibiting pro-apoptotic autophagy progression through maintaining pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and HIIT promoting pro-survival autophagy. The results demonstrated the beneficial effects of both MIIT and HIIT as AITs preconditioning in ameliorating ISO-induced PCR by improving exercise capacity, hemodynamic parameters, and histopathological changes. Some of these protective effects can be attributed to the modulation of cardiac apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress.