The effect of adding cobalt ferrite (CoFe3O4) nanoparticles as fillers on rheological and structural behaviour of gum ghatti-cl-poly(NIPAm) hydrogels

IF 2.1 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI:10.1007/s11043-024-09676-6

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to synthesize a Gum Ghatti-cl-poly(NIPAm)/CoFe₂O₄ (GGNICAF) hydrogel through free radical copolymerization. The key components used in the synthesis included gum ghatti as a biopolymer (GG), methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA), Potassium Persulfate (KPS), and Ammonium Persulfate (APS) as a cross-linker. Additionally, varying quantities (0–50 mg) of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) magnetic nanoparticles (CFMNPs) were incorporated as fillers, synthesized through a coprecipitation route.

The hydrogels were characterized using TGA and FTIR studies. Notably, the swelling study in water demonstrated remarkable water absorption properties. Rheological properties were observed at room temperature using a rheometer with a parallel plate at a 1 mm gap. The rheological and microstructural behavior of the composites were investigated through steady-state flow curves, creep-recovery tests, and small amplitude oscillatory shear tests.

Higher biopolymer content in the mixtures resulted in a more elastic and compact structure, characterized by higher values of both \(\mathrm{G}'\) and \(\mathrm{G}''\) . Flow curves indicated shear-thinning behavior. Oscillatory tests revealed an increase in the strength of the hydrogel network with higher crosslinker concentrations, decreasing at low polymer concentrations. Within the linear viscoelastic region (LVR), \(\mathrm{G}'\) values consistently exceeded \(\mathrm{G}''\) , indicating a predominantly elastic character. Tan \(\delta \) values consistently remained below one, signifying an elastic structure throughout a wide range of concentrations (0–5) for all GGNIPACF samples.

Viscosity vs. shear rate profiles were assessed using the Power Law model, while shear stress vs. shear rate curves were analyzed using the Bingham model and Herschel-Bulkley model.

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添加钴铁氧体（CoFe3O4）纳米粒子作为填料对胶格提-cl-聚（NIPAm）水凝胶流变学和结构行为的影响

摘要本研究的目的是通过自由基共聚合合成伽提胶-cl-聚（NIPAm）/CoFe2O4（GGNICAF）水凝胶。合成过程中使用的主要成分包括作为生物聚合物（GG）的阿胶、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）、过硫酸钾（KPS）和作为交联剂的过硫酸铵（APS）。此外，还加入了不同数量（0-50 毫克）的钴铁氧体（CoFe2O4）磁性纳米粒子（CFMNPs）作为填料，这些粒子是通过共沉淀法合成的。通过热重分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱研究对水凝胶进行了表征。值得注意的是，在水中的溶胀研究显示出显著的吸水性能。在室温下，使用间隙为 1 毫米的平行板流变仪观察了流变特性。通过稳态流动曲线、蠕变恢复试验和小振幅振荡剪切试验研究了复合材料的流变和微观结构行为。混合物中生物聚合物含量越高，其弹性和致密性就越好，其特征是\(\mathrm{G}'\)和\(\mathrm{G}''\)值都更高。流动曲线显示了剪切稀化行为。振荡测试表明，随着交联剂浓度的增加，水凝胶网络的强度也会增加，而在聚合物浓度较低时强度会降低。在线性粘弹性区域（LVR）内，\(\mathrm{G}''\)值始终超过\(\mathrm{G}''\)，表明其主要具有弹性特性。Tan \（\delta \）值始终保持在 1 以下，表明所有 GGNIPACF 样品在很宽的浓度范围（0-5）内都具有弹性结构。使用幂律模型评估了粘度与剪切速率的关系曲线，使用宾汉模型和赫歇尔-布克利模型分析了剪切应力与剪切速率的关系曲线。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

8.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials accepts contributions dealing with the time-dependent mechanical properties of solid polymers, metals, ceramics, concrete, wood, or their composites. It is recognized that certain materials can be in the melt state as function of temperature and/or pressure. Contributions concerned with fundamental issues relating to processing and melt-to-solid transition behaviour are welcome, as are contributions addressing time-dependent failure and fracture phenomena. Manuscripts addressing environmental issues will be considered if they relate to time-dependent mechanical properties. The journal promotes the transfer of knowledge between various disciplines that deal with the properties of time-dependent solid materials but approach these from different angles. Among these disciplines are: Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Rheology, Materials Science, Polymer Physics, Design, and others.