Potential Biomolecule Fisetin: Molecular and Pharmacological Perspectives

Abstract

The naturally occurring, bioactive dietary flavonoid known as fisetin, also known as a tetrahydroxy flavone, is widely present in foods like apples, strawberries, grapes, persimmons, onions, kiwi, kale, and others. In addition, due to their increased safety, affordability, and practicality for oral administration, dietary flavonoids are the focus of intense research. The configuration, quantity, and kind of hydroxyl groups it contains in relation to functional groups in the nuclear structure determine its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity. Fisetin exerts its wide range of pharmacological activities by modulating various pathways, making it useful for diverse biological conditions. These pathways include PI-3 kinase/AKT/p38, TFEB and Nrf2, suppression of EGF-induced MMP-9 & sp-1 transcription, AKT/MAPK, JAKSTAT/ NF-kB, MEK/ERK, COX-2/iNOS, NF-kB/p300/IKK, VEGFR1/p-ERK1/2/ p38/pJNK, NF-κB/I-κBα, COX-2/WNT/EGFR/NF-κB, CDKN1B/P70S6K, PI3K/ AKT/CREB, PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, TLR4/NF-κB, and TXNIP/MAPKs, contributing to apoptotic cell death and potential therapeutic applications, making it a valuable molecule in various health contexts. Pleiotropic pharmacological properties of the polyphenol fisetin, make the molecule effective as antihyperalgesic, antileishmanial, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive & cardioprotective, anti-photo inflammatory, antiproliferative, anti-cancer drug and used in psoriasis, ACD, AMD, SCI, hair growth promoter, SLE, AOM, SS2 infections, UL, PVR, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s diseases. This study explores the flavone molecule fisetin and its structural, chemical, biological, pharmacological, and molecular properties.