Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.2174/0126661454308143240529060134
Jianhua Li, Xueyong Xu, Jianxiang Wang
The production process of Portland cement (OPC) consumes energy and releases carbon dioxide, which affects the environment. It has been found that geopolymer cementing material is a better substitute for it. The strength effect of fiber on geopolymer materials is the basis of the application of fiber geopolymer concrete in structural beams, slabs, and other components. Geopolymer concrete was prepared with fly ash, slag, and water glass as the main raw materials, and the effects of fiber type, quality, and blending method on the compressive properties and elastic modulus of geopolymer concrete were compared to explore the working mechanism of fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete. Through experimental research, the results showed that in 0.2% flocculent lignin fibers, when the mass ratio of carbon fibers was increased, the strength of the geopolymer concrete decreased. Due to the increased mass ratio of wavy steel fibers, comprising 0.2% flocculent lignin fibers, the strength enhancement effect was not apparent. Moreover, with regard to enhancing the modulus of elasticity of geopolymer concrete, blending fibers exerted the most significant effect. The fiber was added to geopolymer concrete to form a three-dimensional supporting frame system. When cracks occurred under the action of force, the development of cracks was limited due to the fibers, and the bonding slip delayed the propagation of cracks. The composite fiber could make full use of the advantages of each material and improve the strength of geopolymer concrete. The compressive properties of geopolymer concrete could be enhanced by blending single-fiber or mix-fibers, and the effect of mix-fibers was more optimal than that of others. The above research results provide a theoretical reference for the design of geopolymer concrete and a theoretical basis for the application of fiber geopolymer concrete in structural beams, slabs, and other components.
{"title":"An Experimental Study on Compressive Properties of Composite Fiber\u0000Geopolymer Concrete","authors":"Jianhua Li, Xueyong Xu, Jianxiang Wang","doi":"10.2174/0126661454308143240529060134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454308143240529060134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The production process of Portland cement (OPC) consumes\u0000energy and releases carbon dioxide, which affects the environment. It has been found\u0000that geopolymer cementing material is a better substitute for it. The strength effect of\u0000fiber on geopolymer materials is the basis of the application of fiber geopolymer concrete in structural beams, slabs, and other components.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Geopolymer concrete was prepared with fly ash, slag, and water glass as\u0000the main raw materials, and the effects of fiber type, quality, and blending method on\u0000the compressive properties and elastic modulus of geopolymer concrete were compared to explore the working mechanism of fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Through experimental research, the results showed that in 0.2% flocculent\u0000lignin fibers, when the mass ratio of carbon fibers was increased, the strength of the\u0000geopolymer concrete decreased. Due to the increased mass ratio of wavy steel fibers,\u0000comprising 0.2% flocculent lignin fibers, the strength enhancement effect was not\u0000apparent. Moreover, with regard to enhancing the modulus of elasticity of geopolymer concrete, blending fibers exerted the most significant effect. The fiber was added\u0000to geopolymer concrete to form a three-dimensional supporting frame system. When\u0000cracks occurred under the action of force, the development of cracks was limited due\u0000to the fibers, and the bonding slip delayed the propagation of cracks. The composite\u0000fiber could make full use of the advantages of each material and improve the strength\u0000of geopolymer concrete.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The compressive properties of geopolymer concrete could be enhanced\u0000by blending single-fiber or mix-fibers, and the effect of mix-fibers was more optimal\u0000than that of others. The above research results provide a theoretical reference for the\u0000design of geopolymer concrete and a theoretical basis for the application of fiber geopolymer concrete in structural beams, slabs, and other components.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.2174/0126661454307041240529113606
S. Wattanasiriwech, Chalermphan Naratha, D. Wattanasiriwech
Macadamia nuts find widespread use in cuisine, cosmetics, and healthcare products, leaving behind a substantial amount of nutshell residue posthulling. Capitalizing on the remarkable compressive strength inherent in macadamia nutshell (MS) compared to other plant shells, this study investigates the utilization of MS as a partial aggregate replacement in fly ash-based geopolymer composites for sustainable construction applications, highlighting the need to optimize the content for balanced mechanical properties. The effects of MS content (0%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) on the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength), density, water absorption, and thermal resistance of the composites were evaluated. Results indicated that the compressive and flexural strength of plain geopolymer increased with rising NaOH concentrations. However, an increase in MS content led to a decline in the flexural strength of the composites due to the brittle nature of the aggregate. Conversely, the compressive strength of 20% MS mix displayed a similar trend to plain geopolymer, while 25% and 30% MS mixes exhibited an inferior trend. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the adhesion between geopolymer and MS resulted from a physical interlocking mechanism. While the compressive strength of plain geopolymer improved after heat treatment at 400°C, a noticeable deterioration was observed in the composites with MS aggregate. Notably, 20% MS and 25% MS mixes (at 4M and 6M) demonstrated suitable compressive strength (16.54-22.50 MPa) and density (1.20-1.26 g/cm3 ) to serve as load-bearing components in accordance with ASTM C90 standard.
澳洲坚果被广泛用于烹饪、化妆品和保健品，脱壳后会留下大量果壳残渣。与其他植物壳相比，澳洲坚果壳（MS）具有显著的抗压强度，本研究利用澳洲坚果壳作为粉煤灰基土工聚合物复合材料的部分骨料替代品，研究了其在可持续建筑应用中的应用，强调了优化其含量以平衡力学性能的必要性。结果表明，随着 NaOH 浓度的增加，普通土工聚合物的抗压和抗折强度也随之增加，但由于骨料的脆性，MS 含量的增加会导致复合材料抗折强度的下降。相反，20% MS 混合物的抗压强度与普通土工聚合物的趋势相似，而 25% 和 30% MS 混合物的趋势较差。扫描电子显微镜显示，土工聚合物与 MS 之间的粘附是由物理互锁机制产生的。值得注意的是，20% MS 和 25% MS 混合物（4M 和 6M）的抗压强度（16.54-22.50 兆帕）和密度（1.20-1.26 克/立方厘米）均符合 ASTM C90 标准，可用作承重部件。
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer with Macadamia Nutshell\u0000Aggregates","authors":"S. Wattanasiriwech, Chalermphan Naratha, D. Wattanasiriwech","doi":"10.2174/0126661454307041240529113606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454307041240529113606","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Macadamia nuts find widespread use in cuisine, cosmetics,\u0000and healthcare products, leaving behind a substantial amount of nutshell residue posthulling. Capitalizing on the remarkable compressive strength inherent in macadamia\u0000nutshell (MS) compared to other plant shells, this study investigates the utilization of\u0000MS as a partial aggregate replacement in fly ash-based geopolymer composites for\u0000sustainable construction applications, highlighting the need to optimize the content\u0000for balanced mechanical properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effects of MS content (0%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) on the mechanical\u0000properties (compressive and flexural strength), density, water absorption, and thermal\u0000resistance of the composites were evaluated. Results indicated that the compressive\u0000and flexural strength of plain geopolymer increased with rising NaOH concentrations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000However, an increase in MS content led to a decline in the flexural strength of\u0000the composites due to the brittle nature of the aggregate. Conversely, the compressive\u0000strength of 20% MS mix displayed a similar trend to plain geopolymer, while 25%\u0000and 30% MS mixes exhibited an inferior trend. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the adhesion between geopolymer and MS resulted from a physical interlocking mechanism. While the compressive strength of plain geopolymer improved\u0000after heat treatment at 400°C, a noticeable deterioration was observed in the composites with MS aggregate.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Notably, 20% MS and 25% MS mixes (at 4M and 6M) demonstrated\u0000suitable compressive strength (16.54-22.50 MPa) and density (1.20-1.26 g/cm3\u0000) to\u0000serve as load-bearing components in accordance with ASTM C90 standard.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"109 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.2174/0126661454300484240523110321
Nidhi Agrawal, Bharti Arora
The invention of a lunch box with phase-change materials incorporated to keep food warm throughout work hours is the subject of this paper. Since harmful chemicals render the food unfit for consumption when they come into contact with it, the choice of phase change material is essential. Adopting a healthy lifestyle now includes carrying electronic lunch boxes and ordering takeaways. Nevertheless, utilizing the electric lunch box at work is a bother. Therefore, this study discusses a prototype of a lunch box that has been created and can keep food warm after it has been packed at home for 4-5 hours. The method of preparing the PCM FS65 is discussed and its stability over thermal cycling is analyzed. To synthesize phase change material composite which does not go into liquid state in melting cycle. To understand the thermal stability of the phase change material composite To prove the efficacy of the composite in lunch box for keeping the food warm The thermal resistance of the insulating materials and the quantity of PCM are the two design considerations for the lunch box that have been covered in this study. To explore these, a warm food criterion at a temperature of 45°C has been used. This research article has discussed the ideal PCM weight required for a 5-hour retention time as well as the ideal insulating material to make the least bulky lunch box design.
{"title":"Synthesis of Form-stable Phase Change Materials for Application in Lunch Box to Keep the Food Warm","authors":"Nidhi Agrawal, Bharti Arora","doi":"10.2174/0126661454300484240523110321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454300484240523110321","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The invention of a lunch box with phase-change materials\u0000incorporated to keep food warm throughout work hours is the subject of this paper.\u0000Since harmful chemicals render the food unfit for consumption when they come into\u0000contact with it, the choice of phase change material is essential.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Adopting a healthy lifestyle now includes carrying electronic lunch boxes\u0000and ordering takeaways. Nevertheless, utilizing the electric lunch box at work is a\u0000bother. Therefore, this study discusses a prototype of a lunch box that has been created\u0000and can keep food warm after it has been packed at home for 4-5 hours. The\u0000method of preparing the PCM FS65 is discussed and its stability over thermal cycling\u0000is analyzed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To synthesize phase change material composite which does not go into liquid state in melting cycle. \u0000To understand the thermal stability of the phase change material composite\u0000To prove the efficacy of the composite in lunch box for keeping the food warm\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The thermal resistance of the insulating materials and the quantity of PCM are\u0000the two design considerations for the lunch box that have been covered in this study.\u0000To explore these, a warm food criterion at a temperature of 45°C has been used.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This research article has discussed the ideal PCM weight required for a\u00005-hour retention time as well as the ideal insulating material to make the least bulky\u0000lunch box design.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141389069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The naturally occurring, bioactive dietary flavonoid known as fisetin, also known as a tetrahydroxy flavone, is widely present in foods like apples, strawberries, grapes, persimmons, onions, kiwi, kale, and others. In addition, due to their increased safety, affordability, and practicality for oral administration, dietary flavonoids are the focus of intense research. The configuration, quantity, and kind of hydroxyl groups it contains in relation to functional groups in the nuclear structure determine its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity. Fisetin exerts its wide range of pharmacological activities by modulating various pathways, making it useful for diverse biological conditions. These pathways include PI-3 kinase/AKT/p38, TFEB and Nrf2, suppression of EGF-induced MMP-9 & sp-1 transcription, AKT/MAPK, JAKSTAT/ NF-kB, MEK/ERK, COX-2/iNOS, NF-kB/p300/IKK, VEGFR1/p-ERK1/2/ p38/pJNK, NF-κB/I-κBα, COX-2/WNT/EGFR/NF-κB, CDKN1B/P70S6K, PI3K/ AKT/CREB, PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, TLR4/NF-κB, and TXNIP/MAPKs, contributing to apoptotic cell death and potential therapeutic applications, making it a valuable molecule in various health contexts. Pleiotropic pharmacological properties of the polyphenol fisetin, make the molecule effective as antihyperalgesic, antileishmanial, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive & cardioprotective, anti-photo inflammatory, antiproliferative, anti-cancer drug and used in psoriasis, ACD, AMD, SCI, hair growth promoter, SLE, AOM, SS2 infections, UL, PVR, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s diseases. This study explores the flavone molecule fisetin and its structural, chemical, biological, pharmacological, and molecular properties.
{"title":"Potential Biomolecule Fisetin: Molecular and Pharmacological Perspectives","authors":"Ashu Kamboj, Anjoo Kamboj, Hitesh Malhotra, Peeyush Kaushik","doi":"10.2174/0126661454285734240311094827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454285734240311094827","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The naturally occurring, bioactive dietary flavonoid known as fisetin, also\u0000known as a tetrahydroxy flavone, is widely present in foods like apples, strawberries,\u0000grapes, persimmons, onions, kiwi, kale, and others. In addition, due to their increased\u0000safety, affordability, and practicality for oral administration, dietary flavonoids are\u0000the focus of intense research. The configuration, quantity, and kind of hydroxyl\u0000groups it contains in relation to functional groups in the nuclear structure determine\u0000its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity. Fisetin exerts its wide range of\u0000pharmacological activities by modulating various pathways, making it useful for diverse\u0000biological conditions. These pathways include PI-3 kinase/AKT/p38, TFEB and\u0000Nrf2, suppression of EGF-induced MMP-9 & sp-1 transcription, AKT/MAPK, JAKSTAT/\u0000NF-kB, MEK/ERK, COX-2/iNOS, NF-kB/p300/IKK, VEGFR1/p-ERK1/2/\u0000p38/pJNK, NF-κB/I-κBα, COX-2/WNT/EGFR/NF-κB, CDKN1B/P70S6K, PI3K/\u0000AKT/CREB, PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, TLR4/NF-κB, and TXNIP/MAPKs, contributing to\u0000apoptotic cell death and potential therapeutic applications, making it a valuable molecule\u0000in various health contexts. Pleiotropic pharmacological properties of the polyphenol\u0000fisetin, make the molecule effective as antihyperalgesic, antileishmanial, antiinflammatory,\u0000antidiabetic, antihypertensive & cardioprotective, anti-photo inflammatory,\u0000antiproliferative, anti-cancer drug and used in psoriasis, ACD, AMD, SCI,\u0000hair growth promoter, SLE, AOM, SS2 infections, UL, PVR, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s\u0000diseases. This study explores the flavone molecule fisetin and its structural,\u0000chemical, biological, pharmacological, and molecular properties.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"8 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.2174/0126661454284941240312071428
P. Kishore, Arjun Singh, Rajesh Kumar, P. Thakur, P. Soni, A. Thakur
Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB)-based energetic compositions have been developed for enhanced blast energetic composite, composite rocket propellant formulations, metal cutting, demolition, welding and explosive reactive armour in civil and military applications. The types and choice of curing agents are crucial in enhancing the mechanical and structural integrity of the binder. To understand the stability and safety of energetic composites for potential applications, it is necessary to understand the thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamic parameters clearly. The main objective is to study the decomposition kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of energetic composites cured by different curing agents. A series of energetic composites based on HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocane) and HTPB-based binder system cured with various curing agents were prepared by the cast cured method. The curatives, namely MDI (4,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate), TDI (toluene dissocyanate) and TMDI (2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate) were used. The thermal analysis method was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics, which are closely associated with the thermal stability and safety considerations during handling, processing, and storage. The kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition reactions were studied by employing the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The thermodynamic parameters of the activation enthalpy, activation Gibbs energy free and activation entropy of all energetic composites were also determined by the theory of activated complex. The thermogravimetric results show that the thermal stability is almost similar for all composites cured with the different types of curing agents. The average activation energy of the energetic composites cured with IPDI, MDI, TMDI and TDI was 207.5, 237.3, 243.3 and 187.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters for the thermal decomposition process show that they are generally thermodynamically stable and non-spontaneous. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of all the samples clearly indicate that HMX crystals are well embedded in the polymer matrices. The thermogravimetric results show that the thermal stability and thermal decomposition behaviour do not change significantly by varying the type of the curing agent in the HTPB-based binder. The SEM micrographs of all the samples clearly indicate that HMX crystals are well embedded in the polymer matrices. The averaged activation energy for the HMX/HTPB/MDI, HMX/HTPB/IPDI, HMX/HTPB/TDI and HMX/HTPB/TMDI samples obtained from FO method was 237.3, 207.5, 187.6 and 243.3 kJ/mol, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters including the activation enthalpy, activation Gibbs free energy and activation entropy for the thermal decomposition process show that they are generally thermodynamically stable and non-spathaceous. The thermal stability of all energet
{"title":"Investigating Thermal Decomposition Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-based Energetic Composite","authors":"P. Kishore, Arjun Singh, Rajesh Kumar, P. Thakur, P. Soni, A. Thakur","doi":"10.2174/0126661454284941240312071428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454284941240312071428","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB)-based energetic\u0000compositions have been developed for enhanced blast energetic composite, composite\u0000rocket propellant formulations, metal cutting, demolition, welding and explosive\u0000reactive armour in civil and military applications. The types and choice of curing agents\u0000are crucial in enhancing the mechanical and structural integrity of the binder. To\u0000understand the stability and safety of energetic composites for potential applications, it\u0000is necessary to understand the thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamic parameters\u0000clearly.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main objective is to study the decomposition kinetic and thermodynamic\u0000parameters of energetic composites cured by different curing agents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A series of energetic composites based on HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-\u0000tetrazocane) and HTPB-based binder system cured with various curing agents were\u0000prepared by the cast cured method. The curatives, namely MDI (4,4’-methylene diphenyl\u0000diisocyanate), IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate), TDI (toluene dissocyanate) and\u0000TMDI (2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate) were used. The thermal analysis\u0000method was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics, which\u0000are closely associated with the thermal stability and safety considerations during handling,\u0000processing, and storage. The kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition reactions\u0000were studied by employing the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The thermodynamic\u0000parameters of the activation enthalpy, activation Gibbs energy free and activation entropy\u0000of all energetic composites were also determined by the theory of activated complex.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The thermogravimetric results show that the thermal stability is almost similar\u0000for all composites cured with the different types of curing agents. The average activation\u0000energy of the energetic composites cured with IPDI, MDI, TMDI and TDI was 207.5,\u0000237.3, 243.3 and 187.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters for the thermal\u0000decomposition process show that they are generally thermodynamically stable and\u0000non-spontaneous. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of all the samples\u0000clearly indicate that HMX crystals are well embedded in the polymer matrices.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The thermogravimetric results show that the thermal stability and thermal decomposition behaviour do not change significantly by varying the type of the curing agent in the HTPB-based binder. The SEM micrographs of all the samples clearly indicate that HMX crystals are well embedded in the polymer matrices. The averaged activation energy for the HMX/HTPB/MDI, HMX/HTPB/IPDI, HMX/HTPB/TDI and HMX/HTPB/TMDI samples obtained from FO method was 237.3, 207.5, 187.6 and 243.3 kJ/mol, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters including the activation enthalpy, activation Gibbs free energy and activation entropy for the thermal decomposition process show that they are generally thermodynamically stable and non-spathaceous.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The thermal stability of all energet","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.2174/0126661454297401240228064500
Sakshi Garg, Suryakant Verma, Vishal Khandelwal, A. P. Singh, P. Singh, Smita Singh
Hydrogel biomaterials, which are formed from polymers generated from either natural or synthetic sources, are characterized by their mechanical stability as well as their biological acceptability. Hydrogels are characterized by properties such as a high swelling index, biocompatibility, the ability to be easily manipulated, flexibility, and rapid degradation. Hydrogels are commonly used as drug carriers due to the fact that they are simple to produce and may be applied by themselves. Using hydrogels in drug delivery applications, where gel-based nanocarriers carry drug molecules to the area of interest in living tissues. The research community is interested in doing this because of the unique physical and chemical properties that hydrogels possess. It has been discussed that several new hydrogel-based solutions are being employed for the administration of drugs that are not taken orally. Hydrogel systems can be developed for use in either passive or active drug administration, making them suitable for a broad variety of settings and applications. In addition to possessing essential biocompatible properties, hydrogels are able to move freely within the human body without having any visible impact on the surrounding environment. The present review has been developed to examine novel concepts linked to hydrogels and their delivery mechanism. This is due to the fact that hydrogels possess qualities that are both unique and novel. In this article, the mechanics of drug delivery systems that are based on hydrogels are detailed. These processes include loading, releasing, and targeting. For these components, the development and investigation of cutting-edge hydrogel- based delivery systems is necessary.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Novel Polymer Biomaterials for Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery System","authors":"Sakshi Garg, Suryakant Verma, Vishal Khandelwal, A. P. Singh, P. Singh, Smita Singh","doi":"10.2174/0126661454297401240228064500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454297401240228064500","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hydrogel biomaterials, which are formed from polymers generated from\u0000either natural or synthetic sources, are characterized by their mechanical stability as\u0000well as their biological acceptability. Hydrogels are characterized by properties such\u0000as a high swelling index, biocompatibility, the ability to be easily manipulated, flexibility,\u0000and rapid degradation. Hydrogels are commonly used as drug carriers due to\u0000the fact that they are simple to produce and may be applied by themselves. Using hydrogels\u0000in drug delivery applications, where gel-based nanocarriers carry drug molecules\u0000to the area of interest in living tissues. The research community is interested in\u0000doing this because of the unique physical and chemical properties that hydrogels possess.\u0000It has been discussed that several new hydrogel-based solutions are being employed\u0000for the administration of drugs that are not taken orally. Hydrogel systems can\u0000be developed for use in either passive or active drug administration, making them\u0000suitable for a broad variety of settings and applications. In addition to possessing essential\u0000biocompatible properties, hydrogels are able to move freely within the human\u0000body without having any visible impact on the surrounding environment. The present\u0000review has been developed to examine novel concepts linked to hydrogels and their\u0000delivery mechanism. This is due to the fact that hydrogels possess qualities that are\u0000both unique and novel. In this article, the mechanics of drug delivery systems that are\u0000based on hydrogels are detailed. These processes include loading, releasing, and targeting.\u0000For these components, the development and investigation of cutting-edge hydrogel-\u0000based delivery systems is necessary.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.2174/0126661454282018240223062850
Chinnala Kalyani, Prashant Hitashi, Deepshikha Gupta, Rohit Verma, Manoj Raula, Gaurav Varshney, T. K. Gupta
Since the last few decades, smart hydrogels have become a vibrant research area in biomedical science and engineering. Nowadays, smart hydrogels can be used in drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, physicochemical properties, and high stability. External factors like temperature, pH, ionic concentration, light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, and chemicals can alter smart hydrogels' chemical and biological characteristics. Furthermore, there have been sophisticated advancements in polymer science that combine two or more responsive mechanisms to create polymers with multiple responsive properties. In this review article, we discussed the recent advancements in the field of smart hydrogels, their preparation methods, important properties, and multifunctional applications. The FDA approval for clinical purposes is also given for specific commercial applications. Various mathematical models have also been discussed to simulate and optimize the drug release behavior from hydrogels and to provide valuable insight into the drug release profile over time. The latest advancement in the field of stimuli-responsive drugloaded hydrogels and the contributions of the researchers in this field are also highlighted. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of smart hydrogels and their future challenges are also discussed.
过去几十年来，智能水凝胶已成为生物医学科学与工程领域一个充满活力的研究领域。如今，智能水凝胶因其生物相容性、物理化学特性和高稳定性可用于药物输送系统。温度、pH 值、离子浓度、光、磁场、电场和化学物质等外部因素会改变智能水凝胶的化学和生物特性。此外，高分子科学也在不断进步，结合两种或多种响应机制，创造出具有多种响应特性的聚合物。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了智能水凝胶领域的最新进展、制备方法、重要特性和多功能应用。文章还介绍了 FDA 批准用于临床的具体商业应用。此外，还讨论了各种数学模型，以模拟和优化水凝胶的药物释放行为，并对药物随时间的释放情况提供有价值的见解。最后，还讨论了智能水凝胶的优缺点及其未来的挑战。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.2174/0126661454275107240117044255
Kishore Ajay Kumar Ayyala, A. Thakur, P. Thakur, Mani S. Prasad
In this paper, we explore the world of flexible patch antennas, specifically focusing on their horizontal V-folding percentages. The folding of these antennas plays a crucial role in the realm of wireless communication. Our V-folding antenna is ingeniously crafted for seamless communication with objects featuring sharp curves. What sets our study apart is the exploration of the effects of Vfolding percentages on the current distribution, a novel approach. We closely monitored the surface current distribution of the V-folded antenna, considering the percentage-wise impact along with the influence of the ground plane. Delving deeper, we scrutinized changes in ground plane size and drew comparisons between a standard ground and a resized one in the context of the V-folded patch antenna. The resized ground plane outshone its normal counterpart, exhibiting superior performance. With the normal ground, the FPA operated at 1.42 GHz and 4.485 GHz. Postresizing the ground, it showcased commendable stability in retaining the V-folding frequency shift. Crafting the antenna's structure was a meticulous process accomplished through the use of CST Microwave Studio software, and we validated our design using a vector network analyzer.
在本文中，我们将探索柔性贴片天线的世界，尤其关注其水平 V 形折叠百分比。这些天线的折叠在无线通信领域发挥着至关重要的作用。我们的 V 形折叠天线制作精巧，可与具有尖锐曲线的物体进行无缝通信。我们的研究与众不同之处在于探索了 V 形折叠百分比对电流分布的影响，这是一种新颖的方法。我们密切监测了 V 形折叠天线的表面电流分布，考虑了百分比影响以及地平面的影响。我们深入研究了地平面尺寸的变化，并对 V 型折叠贴片天线的标准地平面和调整后的地平面进行了比较。使用普通接地时，FPA 的工作频率为 1.42 GHz 和 4.485 GHz。使用 CST Microwave Studio 软件精心设计了天线结构，并使用向量网络分析仪验证了我们的设计。
{"title":"Effect of Ground on V-folding Flexible Kapton-based Antenna","authors":"Kishore Ajay Kumar Ayyala, A. Thakur, P. Thakur, Mani S. Prasad","doi":"10.2174/0126661454275107240117044255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454275107240117044255","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this paper, we explore the world of flexible patch antennas,\u0000specifically focusing on their horizontal V-folding percentages. The folding of these antennas\u0000plays a crucial role in the realm of wireless communication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our V-folding antenna is ingeniously crafted for seamless communication with\u0000objects featuring sharp curves. What sets our study apart is the exploration of the effects of Vfolding\u0000percentages on the current distribution, a novel approach. We closely monitored the\u0000surface current distribution of the V-folded antenna, considering the percentage-wise impact\u0000along with the influence of the ground plane. Delving deeper, we scrutinized changes in ground\u0000plane size and drew comparisons between a standard ground and a resized one in the context of\u0000the V-folded patch antenna.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The resized ground plane outshone its normal counterpart, exhibiting superior\u0000performance. With the normal ground, the FPA operated at 1.42 GHz and 4.485 GHz. Postresizing\u0000the ground, it showcased commendable stability in retaining the V-folding frequency\u0000shift.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Crafting the antenna's structure was a meticulous process accomplished through\u0000the use of CST Microwave Studio software, and we validated our design using a vector\u0000network analyzer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transformation of ordinary fabrics into self-healing (SH) or intelligent fabric is now emerging as an important research area. SH fabrics are capable of maintaining their structural and functional integrity over an extended period of time, while also offering protection and aesthetic appeal. Similar to the biological mechanism of healing the superficial damages caused to a living being, smart fabrics are created to have sensitivity towards the damage-causing factors and act accordingly to overcome the damages. Polymers, owing to their versatile properties, are a preferred group of materials to serve the demands of various technology domains. Polymer-based SH systems for fabrics are being extensively studied for their highly beneficial applications in the world of fabrics. The current paper analyzes the innovation trends of polymer- based SH fabrics from a patent perspective. These fabrics are used for protective clothing, wearables, and other advanced applications. Newer material systems or designs are adopted to incorporate the auto-repairing ability in fabrics in response to damages. The SH functionality ensures durability and an extended lifespan for the fabrics. Innovation trend analysis indicated a steady positive growth trajectory for these materials holding a promising future.
将普通织物改造成自愈合（SH）或智能织物目前正成为一个重要的研究领域。自愈织物能够在较长时间内保持结构和功能的完整性，同时还能提供保护和美感。与生物体表层损伤的修复机制类似，智能织物对造成损伤的因素具有敏感性，并能采取相应措施克服损伤。聚合物具有多种特性，是满足各种技术领域需求的首选材料。以聚合物为基础的织物 SH 系统因其在织物世界中的有益应用而受到广泛研究。本文从专利角度分析了聚合物基 SH 织物的创新趋势。这些织物可用于防护服、可穿戴设备和其他先进应用。最新的材料系统设计将自动修复能力融入织物中，以应对损坏。自动修复功能确保了织物的耐用性并延长了使用寿命。创新趋势分析表明，这些材料的增长轨迹稳定积极，前景广阔。
{"title":"Insights into Innovations in Polymer-based Self-healing Fabrics: Through the Lens of Patents","authors":"Priya Anish Mathews, Swati Koonisetty, Sanjay Bhardwaj","doi":"10.2174/0126661454288215240124114038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454288215240124114038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The transformation of ordinary fabrics into self-healing (SH) or intelligent\u0000fabric is now emerging as an important research area. SH fabrics are capable of maintaining\u0000their structural and functional integrity over an extended period of time, while\u0000also offering protection and aesthetic appeal. Similar to the biological mechanism of\u0000healing the superficial damages caused to a living being, smart fabrics are created to\u0000have sensitivity towards the damage-causing factors and act accordingly to overcome\u0000the damages. Polymers, owing to their versatile properties, are a preferred group of\u0000materials to serve the demands of various technology domains. Polymer-based SH\u0000systems for fabrics are being extensively studied for their highly beneficial applications\u0000in the world of fabrics. The current paper analyzes the innovation trends of polymer-\u0000based SH fabrics from a patent perspective. These fabrics are used for protective\u0000clothing, wearables, and other advanced applications. Newer material systems or\u0000designs are adopted to incorporate the auto-repairing ability in fabrics in response to\u0000damages. The SH functionality ensures durability and an extended lifespan for the\u0000fabrics. Innovation trend analysis indicated a steady positive growth trajectory for\u0000these materials holding a promising future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.2174/0126661454277886231222043713
Aakriti Patel, Astha Singh, Neha Minocha
Metal nanoparticles have been a topic of interest between research scholars for decades now. Since these nanoparticles show tremendous effects against bacterial invasion in the body they are widely in demand. ZnO nanoparticles have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for preventing bacterial invasions within the human body. Owing to their small particulate size and increased surface area, they exhibit excellent antimicrobial characteristics. A number of pathogens have the ability to form biofilms which further increases bacterial activity. Biofilms are complex and resilient bacterial communities that adhere to surfaces and are encased in a protective extracellular matrix. They offer enhanced resistance to antibiotics and the host immune system on bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent antibiofilm properties, making them promising candidates for the treatment of biofilmrelated infections. ZnO nanoparticles have also shown remarkable anti-microbial activity against a wide variety of pathogens. ZnO nanoparticles release zinc ions (Zn2+) when exposed to bacteria which helps in degrading the cellular membrane thus disrupting the bacterial integrity. This review article aims to understand the different aspects of Zinc NPs. Thirteen relevant studies were included, focusing on three distinct preparation methods: polyol synthesis, green synthesis, and precipitation. Each of these methods provides useful insights into the efficient development of ZnO nanoparticles, ensuring their optimal performance and applicability in a variety of scenarios. It also focuses on exploring the antibacterial activity as well as the antibiofilm activity of ZnO.
{"title":"Exploring the Potential Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review","authors":"Aakriti Patel, Astha Singh, Neha Minocha","doi":"10.2174/0126661454277886231222043713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126661454277886231222043713","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Metal nanoparticles have been a topic of interest between research scholars\u0000for decades now. Since these nanoparticles show tremendous effects against bacterial\u0000invasion in the body they are widely in demand. ZnO nanoparticles have emerged as\u0000one of the most promising candidates for preventing bacterial invasions within the\u0000human body. Owing to their small particulate size and increased surface area, they\u0000exhibit excellent antimicrobial characteristics. A number of pathogens have the ability\u0000to form biofilms which further increases bacterial activity. Biofilms are complex\u0000and resilient bacterial communities that adhere to surfaces and are encased in a protective\u0000extracellular matrix. They offer enhanced resistance to antibiotics and the host\u0000immune system on bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent antibiofilm\u0000properties, making them promising candidates for the treatment of biofilmrelated\u0000infections. ZnO nanoparticles have also shown remarkable anti-microbial activity\u0000against a wide variety of pathogens. ZnO nanoparticles release zinc ions (Zn2+)\u0000when exposed to bacteria which helps in degrading the cellular membrane thus disrupting\u0000the bacterial integrity. This review article aims to understand the different aspects\u0000of Zinc NPs. Thirteen relevant studies were included, focusing on three distinct\u0000preparation methods: polyol synthesis, green synthesis, and precipitation. Each of\u0000these methods provides useful insights into the efficient development of ZnO nanoparticles,\u0000ensuring their optimal performance and applicability in a variety of scenarios.\u0000It also focuses on exploring the antibacterial activity as well as the antibiofilm activity\u0000of ZnO.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36699,"journal":{"name":"Current Materials Science","volume":"183 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140490031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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