Difficulty sensitivity replaces reward sensitivity during adolescence: Task-related fMRI and functional connectivity during self-regulative learning choices

IF 3.4 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Trends in Neuroscience and Education Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.1016/j.tine.2024.100223

Esther H.H. Keulers , Luciana Falbo , Anique de Bruin , Peter L.J. Stiers

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Abstract

Aim

We examined age-related differences in valuation and cognitive control circuits during value-based decision-making.

Methods

13-year-olds (N = 25) and 17-year-olds (N = 22) made a metacognitive choice to be tested or not on an upcoming learning task, based on reward and difficulty associated with word-pairs. To investigate whether these determinants of subjective value are differently processed at different ages, we performed region-of-interest(ROI)-based analyses of task-related and functional connectivity data.

Results: We observed age-related differences in responsiveness of valuation structures (amygdala, ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and caudate nucleus, with activity modulated by reward in 13-year-olds, while in 17-year-olds activity being responsive to difficulty. These accompanied age-related differences in functional connectivity between medial prefrontal and striatal/amygdala seeds.

Discussion

These results are in line with current views that sensitivity changes for reward and difficulty during adolescence are the result of a maturational switch in effort-related signalling in the cognitive control circuit, which increasingly regulates value-signalling structures.

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青春期对困难的敏感性取代了对奖励的敏感性自我调节学习选择过程中与任务相关的 fMRI 和功能连接

方法 13岁儿童（25人）和17岁儿童（22人）根据与词对相关的奖励和难度，在即将到来的学习任务中做出是否接受测试的元认知选择。为了研究这些主观价值的决定因素在不同年龄段是否有不同的处理方式，我们对任务相关数据和功能连接数据进行了基于兴趣区域（ROI）的分析：我们观察到估值结构（杏仁核、腹侧纹状体、腹外侧前额叶皮层）和尾状核的反应性存在与年龄相关的差异。这些结果与目前的观点一致，即青春期对奖赏和困难的敏感性变化是认知控制回路中与努力相关的信号成熟转换的结果，而认知控制回路越来越多地调节价值信号结构。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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